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Biochemistry: Block 4 > Non-coding RNA > Flashcards

Non-coding RNA Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of RNA are protein-coding?

A

36%

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2
Q

What percentage of RNA do long and short-non-coding RNA comprise?

A

40%

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3
Q

What are the (8) types of non-coding RNA?

A

transfer, ribosomal, piwi-interacting, micro, long-noncoding, small nucleolar, small nuclear, small interfering

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4
Q

What is the typical length (range) of snoRNA?

A

70-250 nt

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5
Q

What is the role of small nucleolar RNA?

A

Modification of rRNA molecules

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6
Q

What enzyme synthesizes snoRNA?

A

RNA Pol II

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7
Q

What is the name of the complex of protein and snRNA? What is its function?

A

snRNP; mRNA in eukaryotes

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8
Q

Small interfereing RNA are produced by the action of what protein?

A

Dicer

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9
Q

What RNA type is principally restricted to the germlline and somatic bordering the germline?

A

PIWI-interacting RNA

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10
Q

Which noncoding RNA suppress transposon activity, are implicated in assembly of telomere protection complex, heterochromatin formation and developmental gene regulation?

A

PIWI-interacting RNA

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11
Q

What are the action of siRNA?

A

Form complexes with Argonaute proteins and are involved in gene regulation, transposon control, and viral defense

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12
Q

What is mircoRNA?

A

Small, noncoding RNAs that inhibit translation and mediate degradation of mRNA

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13
Q

Through what mechanisms can microRNA become dysregulated in cancer?

A

Amplification, mutation, epigenetic silencing

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14
Q

To which region of a gene do miRNA bind?

A

3’ UTR

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15
Q

What enzyme transcribes miRNA?

A

RNA Pol II

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16
Q

What is the first form of miRNA?

A

Pri-miRNA hairpin loop

17
Q

What protein cleaves the non-looped end of pri-miRNA? What does this create?

A

Drosha; pre-miRNA

18
Q

What removes the loop of pre-miRNA?

A

Dicer

19
Q

What is the effect of fully active miRNA bound to mRNA?

A

Inhibition of translation

20
Q

What characteristics do lncRNAs have with mRNA?

A

Intron and exons, transcribed by RNA Pol II, regulated by transcription factors, contain a polyA tail

21
Q

What physical feature allows many chromatin factors to be modulated by lncRNA?

A

RNA-binding domain

22
Q

What is Beckwith-Wedermann syndrome? With abberent non coding RNA molecule is it associated?

A

A congenital syndrome that presents with microcephaly and macroglossia and predisposes individuals to cancer

23
Q

What is the function of lncRNA Xist?

A

Inactivation of one of the X chromosomes in females by coating it

24
Q

What is the difference in cis-tether and trans-regulation by lncRNA?

A

Through cis-tether, then lncRNA affects the gene from which it was transcribed; through trans-regulation the lncRNA affects a different gene

25
Q

What are the different modes of lncRNA action?

A

Allosteric, decoy, signal, guide, scaffold,

Biochemistry: Block 4 (11 decks)

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