Non-coding RNA Flashcards
What percentage of RNA are protein-coding?
36%
What percentage of RNA do long and short-non-coding RNA comprise?
40%
What are the (8) types of non-coding RNA?
transfer, ribosomal, piwi-interacting, micro, long-noncoding, small nucleolar, small nuclear, small interfering
What is the typical length (range) of snoRNA?
70-250 nt
What is the role of small nucleolar RNA?
Modification of rRNA molecules
What enzyme synthesizes snoRNA?
RNA Pol II
What is the name of the complex of protein and snRNA? What is its function?
snRNP; mRNA in eukaryotes
Small interfereing RNA are produced by the action of what protein?
Dicer
What RNA type is principally restricted to the germlline and somatic bordering the germline?
PIWI-interacting RNA
Which noncoding RNA suppress transposon activity, are implicated in assembly of telomere protection complex, heterochromatin formation and developmental gene regulation?
PIWI-interacting RNA
What are the action of siRNA?
Form complexes with Argonaute proteins and are involved in gene regulation, transposon control, and viral defense
What is mircoRNA?
Small, noncoding RNAs that inhibit translation and mediate degradation of mRNA
Through what mechanisms can microRNA become dysregulated in cancer?
Amplification, mutation, epigenetic silencing
To which region of a gene do miRNA bind?
3’ UTR
What enzyme transcribes miRNA?
RNA Pol II
What is the first form of miRNA?
Pri-miRNA hairpin loop
What protein cleaves the non-looped end of pri-miRNA? What does this create?
Drosha; pre-miRNA
What removes the loop of pre-miRNA?
Dicer
What is the effect of fully active miRNA bound to mRNA?
Inhibition of translation
What characteristics do lncRNAs have with mRNA?
Intron and exons, transcribed by RNA Pol II, regulated by transcription factors, contain a polyA tail
What physical feature allows many chromatin factors to be modulated by lncRNA?
RNA-binding domain
What is Beckwith-Wedermann syndrome? With abberent non coding RNA molecule is it associated?
A congenital syndrome that presents with microcephaly and macroglossia and predisposes individuals to cancer
What is the function of lncRNA Xist?
Inactivation of one of the X chromosomes in females by coating it
What is the difference in cis-tether and trans-regulation by lncRNA?
Through cis-tether, then lncRNA affects the gene from which it was transcribed; through trans-regulation the lncRNA affects a different gene
