(Non) AIDS defining illnesses

Question 1

Non-AIDS defining illnesses:

What are some signs of infection which are seen in AIDs?

What localised opportunistic infection can they get?

Oral hairy leukoplakia:

• What virus causes this?
• On lateral border of tongue

HPV-related manifestations - what can occur in the anus and cervix?

Skin manifestations:

• Molluscum contagiosum - It causes papules to form - what do they look like?
• What skin conditions can be made worse at this stage?
• What dermatomal rash can occur?

They can also get warts.

Answer 1

Chronic febrile temp
Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy
Chronic diarrhoea

Oral candidiasis - creamy, white patches on the mucous membranes
Vaginal infections - yeast, trichomonads
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EBV - epstein barr virus
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SCC - squamous cell carcinoma (anus - more common in MSM

Widespread papules - benign and non tender and skin coloured

Psoriasis

Shingles - reactivation of HSV

Primary HSV-1 infection is usually localized and may be asymptomatic, although it can produce a more widespread systemic infection in neonates and immunocompromised adults, whilst primary VZV infection is systemic and results in childhood varicella (chickenpox).

Question 2

AIDS defining illnesses:

What type of candidiasis is AIDS defining?

PCP:

• Full name?
• Why is this so important?
• Appearance on CXR?

Kaposi Sarcoma:

• What proliferates leads to this?
• 2 places it can occur?

Cerebral toxoplasmosis:

• Caused by reactivation of T. gondii. What sort of pathogen is it?
• Why is it important to know?
• Clinical features?

Cryptococcal meningitis - what type of pathogen causes this?

CMV infection:

• CMV colitis - what is seen on endoscopy?
• CMV retinitis - what is seen on fundoscopy?

Military TB:

• What does this mean?
• Typical presentation?

TB-like illness:
Causative pathogen is MAC - what does this stand for?

Answer 2

Ground glass appearance

Oesophageal candidiasis - dysphagia, white plaques (scrapeable) - can also be in the trachea and lungs

Pneumocystitis Pneumonia - MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DEATH IN AIDS

Vascular proliferation

A parasite

Most common NEUROLOGICAL AIDs defining condition

Headache 
Fever 
Altered mental state 
Seizures 
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Yeast (fungi) 
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Colitis - linear ulcers 
Retinitis - cotton wool spots 
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Miliary TB is a type of tuberculosis that has spread beyond your lungs.

Cough 
Haemoptysis 
WL 
Night sweats 
Fever 

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) - cause of severe TB