Herpes Viruses Flashcards
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) - Human Herpesvirus 1 and 2:
Where do they multiply?
What physical lesions do they produce?
HSV1 - How does it enter?
HSV2 - What it causes in adults
How is HSV caught?
Skin and mucosa
Vesicles and ulcers namely - genital herpes
HSV-2 is mainly transmitted during sex, through contact with genital surfaces, skin, sores or fluids of someone infected with the virus. HSV-2 can be transmitted from skin in the genital or anal area that looks normal and is often transmitted in the absence of symptoms.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) - Human Herpesvirus 1 and 2:
What usually precedes the beginning of symptoms?
Signs and symptoms:
- Orally - primary and secondary
- Genitally
- Systemic
- What is eczema herpeticum?
Where does HSV hide before reactivation?
Subclinical or sensory nerve prodrome SO TINGLING
Painful vesicles in mouth (primary infection)
Painful vesicles on lips (secondary infection)
Genital herpes
Fever
Irritable
Miserable
Vesicels on pre-existing eczema
In severe
Peripheral nerves
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) - Human Herpesvirus 1 and 2:
Anatomy of infection:
Herpes labialis:
- What does it cause?
- Which HSV causes this?
Which HSV causes genital herpes?
What can they cause in the cornea which could lead to blindness if not treated?
What is herpetic whitlows? How can you get it?
What does HSV cause in the brain?
Predominantly HSV1
Cold sore lesion
HSV 2
Corneal dendritic ulcers
Painful red pustules on fingers
You can get it if you touch a cold sore or blister of another infected person.
Encephalitis - so get symptoms of general neurological symptoms, including psychiatric and memory loss
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) - Human Herpesvirus 1 and 2:
It is usually diagnosed clinically.
What tests can be done if there are serious complications such as encephalitis?
What drug is used to treat it?
Viral PCR of CSF, swab, or vesicle scraping
Aciclovir
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) - Human Herpesvirus 3:
How is it transmitted?
What does it lead to in primary infection?
What does it cause in reactivation? Where does it lay dormant?
Resp droplets
Chicken pox
Shingles - dermatomal
Sensory nerve roots
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) - Human Herpesvirus 3:
Presentation - Chicken pox:
- What prodromal symptoms do they get in the first 2 days?
- Then the rash develops. Where does it start and spread to? What is the rash like?
Presentation - Shingles:
- Can it form anywhere?
- What type of rash do they have?
Fever
Malaise
Headache
Abdo pain
Starts on head, trunk and/or back then spreads to peripheries
Crops of pruritic papules then vesicles then pustules then crust
Yes, any dermatomal region and is usually on one side.
Vesicular rash
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) - Human Herpesvirus 3:
How is it diagnosed?
What can be used to test for VZV if the person is immunosuppressed?
What drugs are given to Rx?
What drug can be given if they are a neonate, immunosuppressed or at risk of complications (e.g. CVD or lung diseases)?
Vaccines are not routinely given to children in the UK. At what age are they given to prevent shingles?
Clinically
Viral PCR, culture
Aciclovir/valaciclovir
Antivaricella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG)
70 yrs
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) - Human Herpesvirus 4:
How is it transmitted?
What disease do some people develop?
How does it spread?
Saliva or droplets - kissing if common transmission method
Infectious mononucleosis
Lymphatic system
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - Human Herpesvirus 5:
It is asymptomatic in most.
What 2 diseases do the symptoms mimic
Hepatitis
Infectious mononucleosis
