- two digit notation - created by Viohl - first digit = quadrant - second digit = tooth from 1-8 - primary quadrants numbered from 5-8, tooth from 1-5

Nomenclature Flashcards by Nicky Tahpee

By what month have all the primary teeth erupted?

24-36th month

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By what month have all the primary teeth erupted and in occlusion?

36th

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When does the first tooth appear?

6th month

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When do all the permanent teeth erupt?

13-14 years except 3rd molars

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Other terms for facial? (2)

labial - facing the lips

buccal - facing the buccinator muscle of cheek

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Definition and other term for lingual? (2)

tooth surface nearest to the tongue

palatal - upper arch

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Nominal nomenclature system? (2)

Each tooth is called by its whole name

upper or lower + right or left + position inside tooth group + PRIMARY + tooth
group

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Handerup nomenclature system? (5)

(+ or-) and a number

- for maxilla, - for mandible
symbol will be after the number for quadrants 1 and 4 and before the number for quadrants 2 and 3
lower case letters for primary
numbers for permanent

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Zsigmondy-Palmer nomenclature system? (3)

symbol ( ┘, └, ┌, ┐) written for the quadrant
numbers for permanent teeth
lowercase letters for primary teeth

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ADA notation system? (3)

used in USA
numbering starts at upper right third molar and ends at lower right third molar (1-32)
primary teeth CAPITAL letters used

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FDI system? (5)

two digit notation
created by Viohl
first digit = quadrant
second digit = tooth from 1-8
primary quadrants numbered from 5-8, tooth from 1-5

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Why is determining a tooth’s maturity useful? (4)

proper diagnosis
establish a good treatment plan
determine correct prognosis
ID a child’s age

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Dental development is less affected by…? (3)

hormonal alterations
nutrition
environmental factors

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Most reliable way to determine a child’s age?

looking at dental maturity

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Ways to determine dental maturity? (2)

Nolla Method

- Demirjian method

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What is the nolla method? (5)

1960
to determine dental maturity
studied 25 girls and 25 boys
intraoral and lateral extraoral radiographies
described different calcification stages of the tooth at dif ages

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How many nolla Stages exist?

From 0-10

What is nolla stage 0?

Absence of crypt

What is nolla stage 1?

Presence of crypt

What is nolla stage 2?

Initial calcification

What is nolla stage 3?

1/3 of crown completed

What is nolla stage 4?

2/3 of crown completed

What is nolla stage 5?

Crown almost completed

What is nolla stage 6?

Crown completed

What is nolla stage 7?

1/3 root completed

What is nolla stage 8?

2/3 of root completed

What is nolla stage 9?

Root completed. Open apex

What is nolla stage 10?

Apical end of root completed

What do we do when a tooth under study is between two stages?

May add a fraction to our stage

When do we add 0.2 fraction?

For nolla method when the tooth stage is a bit more than the proximate stage but does not reach the next stage

When do we add 0.5 fraction?

For nolla method when the tooth is between two stages

When do we add 0.7 fraction?

For nolla method when the tooth is a bit less than the most proximate stage

What is the demirjian method?

- determines dental maturity with panoramic xrays - 1973 - most used - studied 2928 panoramic xrays

How many demirjian stages are there? (3)

8 stages (A-H) - go from beginning of calcification until apex closure - now the letters have been replaced by numbers from 1-8

What is demirjian stage A(1) ? (2)

- First signs of calcification in the upper area of the crypt. - These calcification buds are not fused.

What is demirjian stage B(2) ?

- The calcification buds fuse together to conform a | regular occlusal area.

What is demirjian stage C(3)? (4)

• Enamel formation is completed in the occlusal area. -We may appreciate its extension and its convergence to the cervical area. * A dentin deposit begins to show. * The pulp chamber outline has a curved form in the occlusal border.

What is demirjian stage D(4)? (4)

• The crown formation is completed up to the amelocementary line. • In uniradicular teeth, the upper line of the pulp chamber has a curved form. The pulp horns may give an umbrella aspect to the pulp chamber. • In multiradicular teeth the pulp chamber has a trapezoidal form. • The beginning of the root formation is appreciated.

What is demirjian stage E(5)? (4)

Uniradicular teeth: • The pulp chamber walls form straight lines, only disrupted by the pulp horns. These pulp horns are more accentuated than before. • Root length is shorter than the crown´s height. Molars: • The initial formation of the furcation appears as a semilunar calcification bud. • Root length is shorter than the crown´s height.

What is demirjian stage F(6)? (4)

Uniradicular teeth: • The pulp chamber walls form a triangle. The apex has a funnel form. • Root length is the same or bigger than the crown´s height. Molars: • The furcation has developed to define the roots. The apex have a funnel form. • Root length is the same or bigger than the crown´s height.

What is demirjian stage G(7)? (2)

- The root canal walls are more parallel. -The root apex is still partially open (specially in distal molar roots)

What is demirjian stage H(8)? (2)

• Apex is totally closed. • The periodontal ligament has a regular width around the root and apex.