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Spanish Peds > Caries 2 > Flashcards

Caries 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Caries caused by: (3)

A
  • interaction between tooth surface
  • biofilm
  • sugar
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2
Q

Where are caries located?

A

dental hard tissues

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3
Q

How do caries begin?

A

deminerilzation of enamel

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4
Q

Keyes presented caries as…?

A

in the form of overlapping circles

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5
Q

Define dental plaque

A

deposit of diverse bacterial communities immersed in an ECM of polysaccharides

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6
Q

What is the natural source of primary infection for primary teeth?

A

the mother is a vertical and exogenous transmission

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7
Q

How many stages of dental plaque formation are there?

A

3

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8
Q

How long does it take for the 1st stage of dental plaque formation?

A

minutes

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9
Q

How long does it take for the 2nd stage of dental plaque formation?

A

after 24 hours

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10
Q

How long does it take for the 3rd stage of dental plaque formation?

A

7-14 days

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11
Q

1st stage of dental plaque formation visibility?

A

not visibile

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12
Q

What happens during the 1st stage of dental plaque formation ? (2)

A

• Glycoproteins and proteins from the saliva are absorbed to the
tooth surface.
• An acquired pellicle is formed on a smooth polished surface.

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13
Q

What is an acquired pellicle? (3)

A

Appears in 1st stage of plaque formation

  • amorphous (unstructured), acellular and organic.
  • formed on a smooth polished surface
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14
Q

1st stage of dental plaque formation: visibility?

A

not visible

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15
Q

1st stage of dental plaque formation: time?

A

formed within minutes

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16
Q

1st stage of dental plaque formation: contents? (3)

A

saliva
bacterial products
gingival fluid

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17
Q

2nd stage of dental plaque formation: 1st Bacteria?

A

coccus gram+: streptococcus

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18
Q

2nd stage of dental plaque formation: What occurs? (3)

A

• Bacteria adhere to the receptors of the film acquired by adhesives,
fimbrias and electrostatic forces.
• The first microorganisms are the coconuts gram+: streptococcus.
• Congregations

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19
Q

2nd stage of dental plaque formation: How do bacteria adhere? (3)

A

• to the receptors of the film acquired by adhesives,

fimbrias and electrostatic forces.

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20
Q

Who are the last dental plaque colonizers? what stage? (2)

A
  • anaerobic bacteria

- 3rd stage

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21
Q

3rd stage of dental plaque formation: What occurs? (3)

A
  • Last colonizers appear: anaerobic bacterias.
  • Flora of the plaque varies in its composition according to the tooth surface and its nutrients.
  • Balance of flora ”Bacterial Homeostasis”
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22
Q

How does the rupture of bacterial homeostasis occur? (3 steps)

A
  1. increase intake of carbs
  2. displacement of non cariogenic bacteria
  3. increase of cariogenic bacteria
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23
Q

What are the non cariogenic bacterias? (3)

A

Oralis
Sanguis
Mitis

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24
Q

What are the acids associated with noncariogenic bacterias? (3)

A
  • acetic
  • propionic
  • butiric
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25
Q

What are teh cariogenic bacterias? (2)

A
  • steptococcus mutans

- lactobacilus

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26
Q

_______ is harder to neutralize by saliva (2)

A

lactic acid

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27
Q

Streptococcus mutans properties? (2)

A
  • very virulent

- aciduric bacteria

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28
Q

Streptococcus mutans transport and metabolization?

A

Rapid transport and metabolization of sugars

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29
Q

Streptococcus mutans produces…? how? (4)

A
  1. Glucan production:

-Water insoluble extracellular
polysaccharides that create persistent adhesion to the
tooth

  1. intracellular polysaccharids: can transform into energy and produce acid in the absence of substrate
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30
Q

Lactobacilus first colonizes…?

A

mucosal surfaces ex. tongue

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31
Q

What role does lactobacilis play in different types of lesions? (2)

A
  • small amount in initial lesions

- most important in advanced lesions

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32
Q

Lactobacilus properties? (2)

A

Aciduric and acidogenic bacteria

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33
Q

What are the short chain carbs? (3)

A
  • glucose
  • fructose
  • sucrose
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34
Q

Which short chain carb is the most cariogenic? why? (2)

A

Sucrose

- the ONLY substrate that enables S.mutans to produce glucans

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35
Q

Why do bacterias need substrate? (3)

A
  • to produce energy and dextran

- acid = collateral product of their metabolism

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36
Q

What happens after the intake of carbs? when? (3)

A
  • 3-5mins after intake
  • pH drops from 7 to 5.5
  • demineralization of enamel
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37
Q

When does the pH recuperate after ingestion of carbs?

A

30-60 mins

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38
Q

What is more important than the quantity of substrate for plaque formation? (2)

A

form and frequency

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39
Q

What form of substrate enables a bigger retention to the teeth? Ease of removal? (2)

A

Sticky forms

difficult by saliva and tooth brush

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40
Q

What are the host factors that cause plaque formation? (2)

A
  1. Tooth

2. Saliva

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41
Q

What tooth factors contribute to plaque formation? (3)

A
  • arrangement of teeth
  • constitution of enamel/hypoplasia
  • post eruptive stage of tooth
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42
Q

How does arrangement of teeth contribute to plaque formation? (3)

A
  • crowding
  • posterior teeth > anterior
  • upper > lower
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43
Q

Why are upper teeth more susceptible to plaque formation?

A

lower teeth have tongue protection

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44
Q

When is the tooth more susceptible to plaque formation? (2)

A
  • posteruptive age of tooth

- more susceptible after eruption

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45
Q

What saliva factors reduce dental plaque formation? (2)

A
  • Mechanical cleaning and rinsing of food
  • Buffer effect
  • antibacterial properties
  • components inhibiting demineralization & favor remineralization
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46
Q

What buffer affects of saliva reduce plaque formation? how? (4)

A

Neutralize and decrease pH

  • phosphate ions
  • bicarbonate
  • urea
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47
Q

What antibacterial properties of saliva reduce plaque formation? (6)

A
  • lactoferritin
  • lysozyme
  • peroxide
  • immunoglobulins
  • IgA
  • IgG
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48
Q

Why does IgA reduce plaque formation?

A

inhibits adhesion of bac to enamel

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49
Q

Preventative measures for plaque? (2)

A
  • brushing

- topical fluoride

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50
Q

the longer the exposure to ______ the greater risk of carries

A

acid attack

51
Q

What causes acid formation after plaque has been established?

A

the metabolization of carbs by bacterias

52
Q

What causes demineralization of the enamel after acid formation?

A

reduction of pH

53
Q

What causes caries after the demineralization of enamel?

A

Disbalance (of bacteria?)

54
Q

What are Silverston’s carie;s zones? (4)

A
  1. initial lesion/white spot
  2. Body of lesion
  3. Dark area
  4. Translucent zone/front of internal advance
55
Q

Silverstone’s 1st caries zone? (3)

A
  • intitally white spot
  • differential diagnosis with structure/color alterations
  • mineral loss of 5-10%
56
Q

How do you differentiate the manifestation of caries in Silverstone’s zone 1? (6)

A
  1. Dry the area with an air syringe:
    - Colour matte or chalk: Caries.
    - Glossy area: Enamel defect.
  2. When the probe is passed:
    - Rough or rough zone: Caries.
    - The probe slips: enamel defect.
57
Q

Silverstone’s 2nd caries zone? (3)

A
  • body of lesion
  • located below previous zone
  • main area of demineralization (~60% loss)
58
Q

Silverstone’s 3rd caries zone? (3)

A

-Dark zone
¤ For its aspect to the optical microscope of polarized light.
¤ It represents an intermediate mineral loss between zone 1 and 2

59
Q

Silverstone’s 4th caries zone? (3)

A
  • Translucent/advance front
  • deepest zone
  • 5-10% material loss
60
Q

How many dentin caries zones are there? Where to they start?

A

5

-start closest to pulp and move towards outer surface

61
Q

Dentin Caries zone 1? (4)

A
  • Zone of fatty Degeneration of Tome’s Fibers
  • next to pulp
  • cause: degeneration of odontoblastic process
  • occurs before sclerotic dentin is formed & makes tubules impermeable
62
Q

Dentin Caries zone 1 cause?

A

degeneration of odontoblastic process

63
Q

Dentin Caries zone 1 occurs before…?

A

sclerotic dentin is formed & makes tubules impermeable

64
Q

Dentin Caries zone 2? (2)

A
  • Zone of dentinal sclerosis

- deposition of Ca salts in tubules

65
Q

Dentin Caries zone 3?

A

-Zone of decalcification of dentin

66
Q

Dentin Caries zone 4?

A

Zone of bacterial invasion

67
Q

Dentin Caries zone 5?

A

Zone of decomposed dentine due to acids and enzymes

68
Q

Is the dentin-pulp complex able to respond to a caries attack? when? (2)

A

yes

before the enamel breaks

69
Q

What are the defence mechanisms for the dentin-pulp complex?

A
  1. tubular sclerosis

2. reparative dentin formation

70
Q

What is tubular sclerosis?

A

Deposit of mineral in the light of dentin tubules

71
Q

What is reparative dentin formation? (2)

A
  • Creation of an irregular dentine layer at the interface between dentine and pulp
  • AKA tertiary dentine
72
Q

Primary dentin?

A

formed during development of the tooth

73
Q

Secondary dentin?

A

formed during the whole life

74
Q

How does pulp necrosis form? (3)

A
  1. failure of defence mechanisms
  2. inflammation of pulp tissue (Acute pulpitis)
  3. Necrosis
75
Q

How are carries classified? (6)

A
  • progression speed
  • caries location
  • lesion type (etiology)
  • # of surfaces affected
  • lesion type (previous treatments)
  • cavity design
76
Q

How are carries classified by progression speed? (2)

A
  • acute

- chronic

77
Q

How are carries classified by lesion location? (2)

A
  • smooth surfaces

- pits and fissures

78
Q

How long do acute carries take to form? properties? (4)

A
  • 2-3 months (rampant)
  • White-yellowish color
  • soft
  • humid
79
Q

How long do chronic caries take to form?properties? (3)

A
  • 2-3 years
  • Dark brown color
  • hard
80
Q

Most common lesion location? why? (2)

A

Pits and fissues

-plaque poorly removed b/x of anatomy

81
Q

Where do lesions begin to form in pits and fissures?

A

fissure walls

82
Q

Progression of lesions in pits and fissures? (2)

A
  • Begin in fissure walls
  • increase in size and coalesce at the base
  • spreads rapidly when reaches the amelodentinary junction
83
Q

If 1mm of the enamel in a pit and fissure is affected then how much dentin is affected?

A

1/4 and 1/2 of dentin is affected

84
Q

If 2mm of the enamel in a pit and fissure is affected then how much dentin is affected?

A

2/3 of affected dentin

85
Q

Pits and fissures radiographic image shows…?

A

-2 truncated triangles/cones joines at the base

86
Q

Smooth surface caries are usually found where? why?

A

interproximal areas b/c of bad hygiene

87
Q

how do you diagnose smooth surface cavities?

A

With radiographic bite wings

88
Q

Smooth surface caries progression compared to furrow carries?

A

reverse progression

89
Q

Where do Smooth surface caries advance? Raadiographic image?

A

In arrowhead Triangle tip to base (?)

90
Q

Caries on these surfaces are indicative of poor hygiene and high propensity to caries…(2)

A

lingual

vestibular

91
Q

What are the different types of carious lesions according to etiology:? (6)

A
  • rampant
  • bottle/pacifier
  • hypoplasia
  • medicines
  • radiation
  • blanket caries
92
Q

Rampant caries surfaces?

A

surfaces that are not usually susceptible

93
Q

Rampant caries age?

A

children and adolescents

94
Q

Rampant caries are associated with? (3)

A
  • exaggerated consumption of carbs
  • poor oral hygiene
  • reduced saliva flow
95
Q

Define rampant caries: (3)

A
  • acute
  • rapid cavitation
  • coronary destruction
96
Q

Rampant caries usually affect which tooth?

A
  • lower incisors

- DD with baby bottle carries

97
Q

When do bottle/pacifier caries appear?

A

first 2 years

98
Q

Why do bottle/pacifier caries form?

A
  • frequent and lasting exposure to carbs at night
99
Q

Progression of bottle/pacifier caries? (3)

A
  • white spot lesions on vestibular & gingival surfaces of the crown of the incisors
  • progress affecting palatal surfaces canines, upper and lower molar
100
Q

When do bottle / pacifier caries progress to the pulp?

A

few months

101
Q

How do bottle caries lead to malnutrition?

A

Pain causes decreased urge to eat

102
Q

Longterm consequence of bottle/pacifier caries?

A

more likely to develop caries later

103
Q

Whos more susceptible to bottle caries?

A

families with low socioeconomic status

104
Q

Bottle carries do not affect which tooth?

A

lower incisor

105
Q

Define early childhood caries:

A

Appearance of caries on any surface before age 3

106
Q

Define caries caused by hypoplasia (2)

A
  • early childhood caries group
  • ## different forms
107
Q

What are the different forms of hypoplasia?

A
  • linear (14.5x more susceptible to develop caries)

-

108
Q

What causes hypoplasia? (5)

A
  • Premature newborns
  • Systemic diseases in newborns
  • Malnutrition
  • Metabolic alterations
  • Exposition to toxics: Lead
109
Q

What drugs reduce saliva flow? (4)

A

Antihistaminics
Antidepressants
Anticolinergics
Anxiolytics

110
Q

Caries caused by radiation? (3)

A

• It is becoming more frequent in children
• It produces a qualitative and quantitative reduction of
the saliva
• It has a fast advance

111
Q

Blanket caries (3)

A
  • Currently infrequent.
  • Multiband orthodontic wearers.
  • Cement is diluted with saliva and does not release fluoride.
112
Q

How do you classify caries depending on surface? (3)

A
  • simple
  • compound
  • complex
113
Q

How do you classify caries depending on type of previous treatment of lesion? (3)

A
  • incipient
  • secondary
  • residual
114
Q

How do you classify caries depending on how many surfaces are affected? (3)

A
  • simple: 1 surface
  • compound: 2 surfaces
  • complex: 3 or more surfaces
115
Q

What is an inci[ient caries?

A

initial attack on a surface

116
Q

What is a recurrent / secondary caries? How does it occur? (2)

A
  • appears under exisiting restoration / in its margins

- microfiltratioons appear and the bacteria colonize spreading the caries along the restoration walls

117
Q

What is residual tooth decay?

A

tooth decay left during a restorative procedure

118
Q

How many cavity designs are there?

A

6

119
Q

What’s black’s classification of a Class I cavity? (2)

A
  • begin in structural defects (pits, fissues, defective grooves)
  • ex. occlusal surfaces of molar/premolars and lingual surfaces of anterior teeth (cingulum)
120
Q

What’s black’s classification of a Class II cavity?

A

-proximal surfaces of bicuspids and molars

121
Q

What’s black’s classification of a Class III cavity?

A
  • proximal surfaces of anterior teeth

- do NOT involve removal of incisal angle

122
Q

What’s black’s classification of a Class IV cavity?

A
  • proximal surface of anterior teeth

- INVOLVE incisal angle

123
Q

What’s black’s classification of a Class V cavity?

A

-gingival third of facial and lingual surfaces

124
Q

What’s the classification of a Class VI cavity?

A
  • incisal angle of anterior teeth OR cusps of posterior teeth
  • NOT part of black’s classification

Spanish Peds (9 decks)

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