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Neuro 2 (Mo) > Nociception-Pain-Temperature > Flashcards

Nociception-Pain-Temperature Flashcards

1
Q

Spinothalamic Tract path

A

C and Ad (cell body in DRG)  Ipsilateral Spinal Gray Matter Decussates in Anterior white commissure (spine) Ascends contralateral VPL- thalamus sensory cortex

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2
Q

Spinothalamic Tract carries?

A

pain and temp

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3
Q

Warm fiber?

A

C

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4
Q

Cool Fiber?

A

Ad

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5
Q

Touch/ proprioception fiber?

A

AB

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6
Q

Extreme cold fiber?

A

C

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7
Q

Extreme Hot fiber?

A

Ad

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8
Q

First a tolerable, localized, “pricking” pain is detected (___ fiber first pain).

A

Aδ

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9
Q

Then, a burning,

intolerable, diffusely localized, “burning” pain is experienced (____ fiber second pain).

A

C

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10
Q

Aδ and C fibers differ. The receptive fields associated with Aδ fibers are _____ than those associated with C fibers.

A

smaller

Thus, information carried by Aδ fibers will be better localized leading to better
spatial discrimination

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11
Q

Pressure Block of pain

A

AB (first pain) –> Ad –> finally C (in order)

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12
Q

Local Anesthetics block of pain

A

C (second pain) –> Ad –> AB

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13
Q

Polymodal nociceptors have C fibers as their

A

afferents

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14
Q

______ is expressed on polymodal

nociceptors.

A

VR-1

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15
Q

A __________ is a sensory neuron that responds to potentially damaging stimuli by sending signals to the spinal cord and brain. This process, called nociception, usually causes the perception of pain.

A

nociceptor

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16
Q

Polymodal nociceptors can be activated by ________________

C fibers as their afferents.

A

high-intensity mechanical,

chemical or thermal stimuli

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17
Q

Polymodal activation

A

↑ E-stim: AB stim–> Ad–> finally C (repetitive stim needed)

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18
Q

chemicals that act as pain activators

A

Bradykinin, acid, K+, serotonin. Depolarize to threshold creating AP

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19
Q

Activators

A

direct activation of nociceptors

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20
Q

Bradykinin produced by cleavage of an inactive precursor, ___________ (a serum protein).

A

kininogen

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21
Q

Upon ___________, cytoplasmic proteases are released –> degrade serum proteins–> bradykinin.

A

tissue damage

22
Q

Bradykinin directly activates pain receptors of :

A

Aδ and C fibers.

23
Q

vanilloid receptor (VR)

A

The receptor is part of an ion channel complex. When the receptor is activated,
the associated non-selective cation channel opens, thereby leading to a depolarization.

24
Q

VR-1, is known as the capsaicin receptor. VR-1 is strongly activated by capsaicin and weakly activated by ______

A

acids and extreme heat

25
Q

nociceptors that signal extremely cold temperatures (

A

C fibers.

26
Q

warm receptors tend to be on

A

C fibers

27
Q

C fibers are coated w/

A

nothing, unmyelinated

28
Q

information carried by __________ ( lightly myelinated) will reach the CNS before that carried by C fibers.

A

Aδ fibers

29
Q

projects to the midbrain periaqueductal gray region (PAG) and is important for descending control of pain.

A

spinomesencephalic tract

30
Q

pathway conveys pain inputs that lead to forebrain arousal and elicits emotional/behavioral responses via connections to the emotional circuits of the brain

A

spinoreticular tract p

31
Q

a principal pathway and conveys pain information to the thalamus. This tract projects to the nuclei of the ventral posterior thalamus, which includes VPL. Neurons in these nuclei process information related to localization of pain and project to
somatosensory cortex.

A

spinothalamic tract

32
Q

Release of Substance P at the dorsal horn synapse produces central sensitization:

A

(hyperalgesia)

33
Q

Activation of non-nociceptive fibers leads to activation of dorsal horn interneurons that in turn inhibit synapses activated by:

A

nociceptive fibers

non-nociceptive afferent pathways (e.g., touch receptors and Aβ fibers).

Rubbing a wound helps

34
Q

The synthetic drug, __________, blocks the action of opiates.

A

naloxone

35
Q

A brain region that is particularly sensitive to opiate actions is the

A

PAG.

36
Q

Opiates also inhibit transmission in the _________ of the spinal cord

A

dorsal horn

37
Q

brains own opiate-like compounds.

A

enkephalins, β-endorphin and dynorphins and are collectively known as endorphins

38
Q

Stress Activates PAG –> inhibition of
2o neurons of the dorsal horn.

_______ blocks some but not all
of the analgesia produced by stressful situations

A

Naloxone

39
Q

In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, _______ is the major inhibitory transmitter.

A

GABA

40
Q

Following injury of C fibers, Aβ afferents sprout and invade the normally forbidden territory of the:

A

substantia gelatinosa

second-order neurons in the substantia gelatinosa that are normally activated only by pain input are now also activated by non-noxious stimuli.

41
Q

Nervous systems of patients experiencing

chronic pain are__________ from those who have not had the same experience.

A

functionally and structurally different

changes are diverse and range from changes in excitability, neurotransmitter
content, synaptic efficacy, to circuitry.

42
Q

A very telling observation is that administration of naloxone blocks the

A

placebo effect.

43
Q

Stress can activate:

A

PAG

44
Q

DOes Nalaxone block stress analgesia?

A

Only partially.

THC does the other bit

45
Q

Thus, stress–induced analgesia involves both ____________________ mechanisms

A

opioid and nonopioid mediated

46
Q

spinomesencephalic tract projects to the midbrain ___________ and is important for descending control of pain

A

periaqueductal gray region (PAG)

47
Q

Stimulation of the periaqueductal gray region (PAG) in the midbrain produces a powerful:

A

analgesia

Touch, pressure and temperature sensations persist and only pain
sensation is attenuated.

48
Q

PAG neurons project to the __________ in the medula

A

nucleus raphe magnus

49
Q

nucleus raphe magnus neurons in this medullar region are:

A

serotonergic (i.e., use serotonin as their neurotransmitter)

50
Q

In the spinal cord, serotonin will lead to inhibition of second-order neurons of the dorsal horn by exciting an inhibitory interneuron.

A

This interneuron uses enkaphalin

51
Q

enkephalin mechanism

A

presynaptically (block of voltage-gated calcium current)

postsynaptically (opening of potassium channels).

Neuro 2 (Mo) (25 decks)

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