Nobelprisvinner og deres bidrag Flashcards
Hvem vant i 2022?
Alain Aspect
John F. Clauser
Anton Zeilinger
For experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science
Hvem vant i 2021?
Syukuro Manabe
Klaus Hasselmann
Giorgio Parisi
For groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex systems; [Manabe and Hasselmann] for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming; [Parisi] for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales.
Hvem vant i 2020?
Roger Penrose
Reinhard Genzel
Andrea Ghez
[Penrose] for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity, [Genzel and Ghez] for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy.
Hvem vant i 2019?
James Peebles
Michel Mayor
Didier Queloz
For contributions to our understanding of the evolution of the universe and Earth’s place in the cosmos, [Peebles] for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology, [Mayor and Queloz] for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star.
Hvem vant i 2018?
Arthur Ashkin
Gérard Mourou
Donna Strickland
For groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics, [Ashkin] for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems, [Mourou and Strickland] for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses
Hvem vant i 2017?
Rainer Weiss
Barry C. Barish
Kip Thorne
For decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves
Hvem vant i 2016?
David J. Thouless
F. Duncan M. Haldane
J. Michael Kosterlitz
For theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter
Hvem vant i 2015?
Takaaki Kajita
Arthur B. McDonald
For the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass
Hvem vant i 2014?
Isamu Akasaki
Hiroshi Amano
Shuji Nakamura
For the invention of efficient blue light emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources
Hvem vant i 2013?
François Englert
Peter Higgs
For the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider
Hvem vant i 2012?
Serge Haroche
David J. Wineland
For ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems
Hvem vant i 2011?
Saul Perlmutter
Brian P. Schmidt
Adam G. Riess
For the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae
Hvem vant i 2010?
Andre Geim
Konstantin Novoselov
For groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene
Hvem vant i 2009?
Charles K. Kao
Willard S. Boyle
George E. Smith
[Kao] for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication, [Boyle and Smith] for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor
Hvem vant i 2008?
Yoichiro Nambu
Makoto Kobayashi
Toshihide Maskawa
[Nambu] for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics, [Kobayashi and Maskawa] for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature
Hvem vant i 2007?
Albert Fert
Peter Grünberg
For the discovery of giant magnetoresistance
Hvem vant i 2006?
John C. Mather
George F. Smoot
For their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation
Hvem vant i 2005?
Roy J. Glauber
John L. Hall
Theodor W. Hänsch
[Glauber] for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence, [Hall and Hänsch] for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique
Hvem vant i 2004?
David J. Gross
H. David Politzer
Frank Wilczek
For the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction
Hvem vant i 2003?
Alexei A. Abrikosov
Vitaly L. Ginzburg
Anthony J. Leggett
For pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids
Hvem vant i 2002?
Raymond Davis Jr.
Masatoshi Koshiba
Riccardo Giacconi
For pioneering contributions to astrophysics, [Davis and Koshiba] for the detection of cosmic neutrinos, [Giacconi] for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic x-ray sources
Hvem vant i 2001?
Eric A. Cornell
Wolfgang Ketterle
Carl E. Wieman
For the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates
Hvem vant i 2000?
Zhores Alferov
Herbert Kroemer
Jack Kilby
For basic work on information and communication technology, [Alferov and Kroemer] for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics, [Kilby] for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit
Hvem vant i 1999?
Gerard ‘t Hooft
Martinus Veltman
For elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics
Hvem vant i 1998?
Robert Laughlin
Horst Störmer
Daniel Tsui
For their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations
Hvem vant i 1997?
Steven Chu
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
William Phillips
For development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light
Hvem vant i 1996?
David Lee
Douglas Osheroff
Robert Richardson
For their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3
Hvem vant i 1995?
Martin Perl
Frederick Reines
For pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics, [Perl] for the discovery of the tau lepton, [Reines] for the detection of the [tau] neutrino
Hvem vant i 1994?
Bertram Brockhouse
Clifford Shull
For pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matte, [Brockhouse] for the development of neutron spectroscopy, [Shull] for the development of the neutron diffraction technique
Hvem vant i 1993?
Russell Hulse
Joseph Taylor
For the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation
Hvem vant i 1992?
Georges Charpak for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber
Hvem vant i 1991?
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers
Hvem vant i 1990?
Jerome Friedman
Henry Kendall
Richard Taylor
For their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics
Hvem vant i 1989?
Norman Ramsey
Hans Dehmelt
Wolfgang Paul
[Ramsey] for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks, [Dehmelt and Paul] for the development of the ion trap technique
Hvem vant i 1988?
Leon Lederman
Melvin Schwartz
Jack Steinberger
For the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino
Hvem vant i 1987?
Georg Bednorz
Alex Müller
For their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials
Hvem vant i 1986?
Ernst Ruska
Gerd Binnig
Heinrich Rohrer
[Ruska] for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope, [Rohrer] for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope
Hvem vant i 1985?
Klaus von Klitzing for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect
Hvem vant i 1984?
Carlo Rubbia
Simon van der Meer
For their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction
Hvem vant i 1983?
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
William Fowler
[Chandrasekhar] for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars, [Fowler] for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe
Hvem vant i 1982?
Kenneth Wilson for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions
Hvem vant i 1981?
Nicolaas Bloembergen
Arthur Schawlow
Kai Siegbahn
[Bloembergen and Schawlow] for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy, [Siegbahn] for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy
Hvem vant i 1980?
James Cronin
Val Fitch
For the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons
Hvem vant i 1979?
Sheldon Glashow
Abdus Salam
Steven Weinberg
For their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current
Hvem vant i 1978?
Pyotr Kapitsa
Arno Penzias
Robert Wilson
[Kapitsa] for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics, [Penzias and Wilson] for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation
Hvem vant i 1977?
Philip Anderson
Nevill Mott
John van Vleck
For their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems