Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology and Serology > Nobel Prizes Awarded for Immunologic Studies And Terminologies > Flashcards

Nobel Prizes Awarded for Immunologic Studies And Terminologies Flashcards

0
Q

1885; Rabies Vaccine

A

Louis Pasteur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

1789; Smallpox Vaccination

A

Edward Jenner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

1901; Antiserum therapy esp. against diptheria

A

Emil Von Behring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

1905; Tuberculosis

A

Robert Koch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1908; Theories of Immunity

A

Paul Ehrlich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1908; Phagocytosis

A

Elie Metchnikoff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1911; First Cancer Virus

A

Francis Rous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1912; Organ grafting

A

Alexis Carrell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

1913; Anaphylaxis

A

Charles Richet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1919; Theories of immunity/Complement

A

Jules Bordet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1930; Human blood groups

A

Karl Landsteiner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

1945; Penicillin

A

Sir Alexander Fleming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1945

A

Sir Ernst Borischain and Lord Howard Walter Floray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

1951; Yellow fever vaccine

A

Max Theiler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

1952; Streptomycin as first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis

A

Selman Abraham Waksman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

1957; Antihistamine research ( inhibit the action of histamine and other substances on vascular system and skeleton muscles.

A

Daniel Bovet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1959; Mechanism of Biological synthesis of DNA and RNA

A

Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

1960; Immunological Tolerance

A

Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

1960

A

Sir Perer Brian Medawar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

1965; Genetic control of enzymes and virus synthesis

A

Francis Jacob

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

1965

A

Andrei Lwoff and Jacques Monod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

1966; Tumor-inducing viruses

A

Payton Rous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

1968; Genetic code and its function in protein synthesis

A

River Holley and Har goblins khorana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

1968

A

Marshall Nirenberg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

1969

A

Max Delbruck/Alfred Hershey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

1969; Genetic structure of viruses

A

Salvador Luria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

1972; Structure of Immunoglobulins

A

Rodney Porter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

1972

A

Gerald Edelman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

1975; Interactikn bet tumor viruses and genetic material of the cell

A

David Baltimore and Renato Dulbecco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

1975

A

Howard Martin Ternin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

1977; Radioimmunoassay

A

Rosalyn Yallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

1978; Restriction enzymes/application to problem of molecular genetics

A

Werner Arber and Daniel Nathan’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

1978

A

Hamilton Smith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

1980; immunogenetics and Histocompatibility

A

Baruj Benacerraf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

1980; MHC that regulate immunological reap.

A

Jean Dausset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

1983; Mobile Genetic Elements

A

Barbara McClintock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

1983; HIV

A

Luc Montagnier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

1984; Hybridoma Technology

A

Cesar Milstein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

1984

A

George Kohler and Niels Jerne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

1985; Polymerase Chain Reaction

A

Kary Mullis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

1987; Immunoglobulin Genetics

A

Susumo Tonegawa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

1989; Cellular origin of Retroviral oncogenes

A

J.Michael Bishop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

1989

A

Harold Varmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

1990; Organ and Cell Transplantation

A

Joseph Murray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

1990

A

E.Donnell Thomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

1996; Specificity of Cell mediated immune defense

A

Peter Doherty

Rolf Zinkernagel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

1997; Priors as new Biological principal of infection

A

Stanley Prusiner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

1999; Singal transduction

A

Gunter Blobel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

A life threatening disease caused by a virus and characterized by breakdown of the body’s immune defenses.

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Almost total lack of immunoglobulins or antibodies

A

Agammaglobulinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Substance that causes allergy

A

Allergen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

An inappropriate and harmful response of the immune system to normally harmless substances

A

Allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Life threatening allergic reaction characterized by a swelling of body tissues including the throat, difficulty in breathing and a sudden fall in blood pressure

A

Anaphylactic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Soluble protein molecule produced and secreted by B cells in response to an antigen, capable of binding to that specific antigen

A

Antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Substance that when introduce introduce into the body is recognized by the immune system.

A

Antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

B cells, cells of the monocyte lineage and various other body cells that present antigen in a form that T cells can recognize

A

Antigen-presenting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Autoantibodies directed against a substance in the cell’s nucleus

A

Antinuclear antibody (ANA)

57
Q

Serum that contains antibodies

A

Antiserum

58
Q

Antibodies that interlock with and inactive toxins produced by certain bacteria

A

Antitoxins

59
Q

Lymphoid organ in the intestine

A

Appendix

60
Q

Weakened; no longer infectious

A

Attenuated

61
Q

An antibody that reacts against a person’s own tissue

A

Autoantibody

62
Q

A disease that results when immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues.

A

Autoimmune disease

63
Q

2 autoimmune disease

A

Rheumatoid arthritis and systematic lupus erythematosus

64
Q

White blood cell that contributes to inflammatory response. Along with mast cells, they are responsible for the symptoms of allergy

A

Basophil

65
Q

Small white blood cells crucial to the immune defenses. AKA B lymphocytes, derived from bone marrow and develop into plasma cells. Source of antibodies

A

B cells

66
Q

Soft tissue located in the cavities of the bone. Source of all blood cells

A

Bone marrow

67
Q

Physical structure in the cell’s nucleus that houses the genes. 23 pairs of chromosomes.

A

Chromosome

68
Q

Complex of series of blood proteins whose action “complements” the work of antibodies. Destroys bacteria, produces inflammation and regulated immune reaction

A

Complement

69
Q

Precise sequence of events usually triggered by an antigen-antibody complex. Each component of the complement system is activated in turn

A

Complement cascade

70
Q

Part of an antibody’ structure that is characterize for each antibody class

A

Constant region

71
Q

Delivery of a second signal from an antigen-presenting cell to a T cell. Rescues the activated T cell from allergy, allowing it to price the lymphokines necessary for the growth of addiction T cells

A

Co-Stimulation

72
Q

Powerful chemical substances secrets by cells. Includes lymphokines produced by lymphocytes and monokines produced by monocytes and macrophages

A

Cytokines

73
Q

Subset of T lymphocytes can kill body cells infected by viruses or transformed by cancer.

A

Cytotoxic T Cells

74
Q

WBC found in the spleen and other lymphoid organs. Use threadlike tentacles to enmesh antigen which they present to T cells.

A

Dendritic Cells

75
Q

Nucleic acid that is found in the cell nucleus and that is the carrier of genetic information

A

DNA

76
Q

WBC that contains granules filled with chemicals damaging to parasites, and enzymes that damp down inflammatory reaction.

A

Eosinophil

77
Q

A protein, produced by living cells that promote the chemical processes of life without itself being altered.

A

Enzyme

78
Q

Unique shape or marker carried on an antigen’s surface, which triggers corresponding antibody response.

A

Epitope

79
Q

Life threatening reaction in which transplanted immunocompetent cells attack the tissues of the receipt.

A

Graft-versus-host-disease

80
Q

WBC filled with granules contains potent chemical that allow the cells to digest microorganism or to produce inflammatory reactions.

A

Granulocytes

81
Q

Subset of T cells that carry the T4 marker and are essential for turning in antibody production, activating cytotoxic T cells and initiating many other immune responses.

A

Helper T cells

82
Q

Formation and development of blood cells usually takes place in the bone marrow

A

Hematopoietic

83
Q

Method of matching the self antigens on the tissues of a transplant donor with those of the recipient.

A

Histocompatibility testing

84
Q

Virus that causes AIDS

A

HIV ( Human immunodeficiency virus)

85
Q

Proteins marker of self used in Histocompatibility testing. Types also correlate with certain autoimmune disease.

A

Human Leukocyte antigens

86
Q

Hybrid cell created by fusing a B lymphocyte with a long live neoplasticism plasma cell or a T lymphocytes with a lymphoma cell. A B cell Hybridoma secreted a single specific antibody

A

Hybridoma

87
Q

Abnormally low levels of immunoglobulins

A

Hypogammaglobulinemia

88
Q

Unique and characteristics parts of an antibody’s variable region, which can themselves serves as antigens

A

Idiotypes

89
Q

Cluster of interlocking antigens and antibodies

A

Immune complex

90
Q

Reactions of the immune system to foreign substances.

A

Immune response

91
Q

Test using antibodies to identify and quantify substances. Linked to a marker such as a fluorescent molecule, a radioactive molecule or an enzyme.

A

Immunoassay

92
Q

Capable of developing an immune response.

A

Immunocompetent

93
Q

Family of large protein molecules, AKA antibodies

A

Immunoglobulins

94
Q

Reduction of the immune responses, for instance by giving drugs to prevent transplant rejection.

A

Immunosuppression

95
Q

Monoclonal antibody linked to a natural toxin, a toxic drug or radio active substance.

A

Immunotoxin

96
Q

Redness, warmth, swelling, pain and loss of function produced in response to infection as the result of increased flood flow and an influx of immune cells and secretions.

A

Inflammatory response

97
Q

Major group of lymphokines and monokines

A

Interleukins

98
Q

Dendritic cells in the skin that pick up antigen and transport it to lymph nodes

A

Langerhan Cells

99
Q

All WBC

A

Leukocytes

100
Q

A transparent, slightly yellow fluid that carries lymphocytes, bathed the body tissues and drains into the lymphatic vessels.

A

Lymph

101
Q

Bodywide network of channels, similar to the blood vessels, which transport lymph to the immune organs and into the bloodstream

A

Lymphatic vessels

102
Q

Small bean shaped organs of the immune system, distributed widely through the body and linked by lymphatic vessels. Are garrisons of B, T and other immune cells

A

Lymph nodes

103
Q

Small WBC produced in the lymphoid organs and paramount in the immune defenses.

A

Lymphocytes

104
Q

Organs of the immune system, where lymphocytes develop and congregate. Include bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and various othe tc liter of lymphoid tissue. The blood vessels and lymphatic vessels can also be considered.

A

Lymphoid organs

105
Q

Powerful chemical substances secreted by lymphocytes.

A

Lymphokines

106
Q

Large and versatile immune cell and acts as a microbe-devouring phagocyte, an antigen-presenting cell and important source of immune secretions.

A

Macrophage

107
Q

Groups of genes that controls several aspects of the immune response. Genes code for self merkers on all body cells

A

Macrophage

108
Q

Antibodies producing by a single cell or its identical progeny, specific for a given antigen. Tool for binding to specific protein molecules, monoclonal antibodies are invaluable in research, medicine and industry.

A

Monoclonal antibodies

109
Q

Large phagocytoc WBC which, when it enter tissue develops into s macrophage.

A

Monocyte

110
Q

Powerful chemical substances secreted by monocytes and macrophages.

A

Monokines

111
Q

Large-granule filled lymphocytes that take on tumor cells and infected body cells, because they attack without first having to recognize specific antigens.

A

Natural killer (NK) cells

112
Q

A WBC that is an abundant and important phagocyte.

A

Neutrophil

113
Q

Large, naturally occurring molecules composed of chemical building blocks knows as nucleotides. Two kinds of nucleic acid RNA and DNA

A

Nucleic acids

114
Q

A monoclonal antibody that targets mature T cells.

A

OKT3

115
Q

To coat an organism with antibodies or a complement protein so as to nako to palatable to phagocytes

A

Ops obits

116
Q

An individual living thing

A

Organism

117
Q

Collection of lymphoid tissues in the intestinal tract

A

Peyer’s patches

118
Q

Large WBC that contribute to the immune defenses by ingesting microbes or other cells and foreign particles.

A

Phagocytes

119
Q

Granule contains cellular fragments critical for blood clotting and sealing off wounds. Contribute to the immune responses

A

Platelets

120
Q

Large antibody producing cells that develop from B cells

A

Plasma cells

121
Q

Short for polymorphonuclear leukocyte or granulocytes

A

Polymorphs

122
Q

Made up of amino acids. Major constituents of plant and animal cells.

A

Proteins

123
Q

Group of one celled animals , few which causes human disease

A

Protozoa

124
Q

Autoantibody found in the serum of most persons with rheumatoid arthritis

A

Rheumatoid factor

125
Q

Nucleic acid found in the cytoplasm, direct the synthesis of proteins.

A

Ribonucleic acid RNA

126
Q

Clear liquid that separated from the blood when it is allowed to clot.

A

Serum

127
Q

Life threatening conditions in infants are born lacking all major immune defenses.

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease

128
Q

Lymphoid organ in the abdominal cavity. Important center for immune system cavities.

A

Spleen

129
Q

Cells from which all blood cells derive. Where bone marrow is rich.

A

Stem cells

130
Q

Vaccine that uses merely one component of an infectious agent, rather than the whole to stimulate an immune response.

A

Subunit vaccine

131
Q

Class of antigens, including certain bacterial toxins, that unleash a massive and damaging immune response

A

Superantigens

132
Q

Subset of T cells that turn off antibody production and other immune responses

A

Suppressor T cells

133
Q

Small WBC that orchestrate and or directly participate in the immune defenses. Processed in the thymus and secrete lymphokines

A

T Cells or T Lymphocytes

134
Q

Primary lymphoid organ, high in the chest, where T lymphocytes proliferate and mature.

A

Thymus

135
Q

Extracts from the tumor tissue, treated in lab and reinfected into the cancer patient

A

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

136
Q

State of non responsive to a particular antigen or group of antigens

A

Tolerance

137
Q

Prominent oval masses of lymphoid tissues on either side of the throat.

A

Tonsils and adenoids

138
Q

Agents produced by plants and bacteria, normally very damaging to mammalian cells that can be delivered directly to target cells by linking them to monoclonal antibodies or lymphokines.

A

Toxins

139
Q

Contains antigenic components from an infectious organism. By stimulating an immune response, it protects against subsequent infection by that organism.

A

Vaccine

140
Q

Part of an antibody’s structure that differs from one antibody to another.

A

Variable region

Immunology and Serology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions