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Immunology and Serology > Antimicrobial Protein > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Protein Flashcards

0
Q

Example of antimicrobial protein

A

Lysozyme

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1
Q

Proteins that attack microbes or stall reproduction of microbes.

A

Antimocrobial protein

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2
Q

Secreted by virus-infected cells; prevent cell to cell spread.

A

Interferons

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3
Q

Not virus specific

A

Interferons

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4
Q

Neighboring cells are stimulated to produce chemicals that can inhibit viral infection

A

Interferons

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5
Q

A specific type that activated phagocytes; activate macrophage

A

Interferons

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6
Q

Secreted by macrophages

A

Defensins

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7
Q

Third line of defense. There is lag time between exposure and maximal response. Not genetically determined. Affords protection against re-exposure to the same pathogen.

A

Adaptive/Acquired immunity/Specific defense mechanism

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8
Q

Responsible in the defense mechanism. Found in the blood and lymph.

A

Lymphocytes

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9
Q

Activated by cytokines from phagocytes.

Display specificity to epitopes on antigens. Have specific membrane-bound antigen-receptors.

A

Lymphocytes

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10
Q

Two types of lymphocytes.

A

B- cells

T-cells

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11
Q

Mature in marrow

A

B-cells

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12
Q

Mature in thymus.

A.k.a helper/cytotoxic/killer/suppressor/memmory

A

T-cells

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13
Q

Requires some time to react to an invading organism

A

Adaptive

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14
Q

Present and ready to mobilized upon infection

A

Innate

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15
Q

Antigen specific and reacts only with the org that induced the response.

A

Adaptive

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16
Q

Not antigen specific and reacts equally to a variety of organism

A

Innate

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17
Q

Does not demonstrate immunological memoryo

A

Innate

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18
Q

Demonstrates immunological memory

A

Adaptive

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19
Q

Develops upon the exposure to antigen
Through antigen
Obtained in the course of daily life

A

Naturally Acquired Active Immunity

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20
Q

Occurs through vaccination

A

Artificially Acquired Active Immunity

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21
Q

Type of Acquired/Adaptive Immunity that has natural antibodies. No immune response to antigen.

A

Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity

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22
Q

Type of Acquired/Adaptive immunity: injection of antibodies

A

Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity

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23
Q

Adaptive Immunity can be?

A

Cellular (cell-mediated) and Humoral (antibody-mediated)?

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24
Q

Involves B cell activation; production of antibodies in blood plasma and lymph.

A

Humoral immunity

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25
Q

Involves immunoglobulin production by B lymphocytes; complement can be considered

A

Humoral Immunity

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26
Q

Humoral immunity:

Antibodies are produced by?

A

Lymphocytes; specifically B cells

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27
Q

Humoral immunity:

Antibodies are found where?

A

ECF and surface of B cells

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28
Q

Programmed cell death (Falling away)

A

Apoptosis

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29
Q

Many virus infected cell will undergo this to help prevent spread of the infection

A

Apoptosis

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30
Q

Humoral immunity occurs in 3 phases: accomplished by phagocytosis

A

Antigen elimination

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31
Q

Humoral immunity occurs in 3 phases:

After exposure to Ag. IgM is the first to appear.

A

The primary response

32
Q

Humoral immunity occurs in 3 phases: second or subsequent exposure to the same antigen elicits secondary response. IgG is the predominant.

A

The secondary response

33
Q

Active against cancer cells; class I mhc. Occurs when antigen displayed by antigen presenting cells activated cytotoxic T cell. Cytotoxic cell can differentiate to memory cells or active cytotoxic t cells.

A

Cellular Immunity

34
Q

Transplanted tissue. Important in viral and fungal infections and in infections. Involved specialized set of lymphocytes called T cells that recognize foreign antigens in the surface on cells, org or tissues.

A

Cellular mediated immunity

35
Q

These cells play a role in cell-mediated immunity.

A

Macrophages, Cytotoxic t cells, Natural Killer cells

36
Q

Chemical messengers of immune cells

A

Cytokines

37
Q

Communication bet WBCs.

A

Interleukins

38
Q

Protect against viral infections

A

Interferons

39
Q

Attract WBCs to infected areas

A

Chemokines

40
Q

Found on all cells

A

MHC Class I

41
Q

Found in phagoctyes

A

MHC Class Ii

42
Q

Inoculation of smallpox

A

Variolation

43
Q

Inoculation of cowpox

A

Vaccination

44
Q

When most of population is immune to a disease

A

Herd immunity

45
Q

Types of vaccines:

It contains weakened microbes that multiply at only low levels, inducing a strong immune response

A

Live, attenuated vaccines

46
Q

Types of vaccines:

Contain killed pathogens, which induce a weaker immune response.

A

Inactivated vaccines

47
Q

Types of vaccines:

Contain only those parts of the antigens that stimulate a strong immune response.

A

Subunit vaccine

48
Q

Types of vaccine that depend on the ability of some cells to: take up and translate foreign DNA. And display the resulting proteins, inducing a strong immune response.

A

DNA Vaccines

49
Q

Increase efficacy of a vaccine or toxoid by increasing availability of the antigen in the lymphatic system.

A

Adjuvants

50
Q

Principle Bacterial Vaccines: purified polysaccharide from N.menigitidis

A

Meningococcal meningitis

51
Q

Principle Bacterial Vaccines: polysaccharides conjugated with protein.

A

Haemophilus influenza type B meningitis

52
Q

Principle Bacterial Vaccines: S.pneumonia antigens conjugated with protein

A

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

53
Q

Principal Virus Vaccines: live vaccinia virus

A

Smallpox

54
Q

Principle virus vaccines: inactivated virus

A

Poliomyletis; Rabies; Hepa A

55
Q

Principle Virus Vaccines: inactivated or attenuated (nasal) virus

A

Influenza

56
Q

Principle virus vaccine: attenuated virus

A

Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Chickenpox

57
Q

Principle virus vaccines: antigenic fragments

A

Hepa B

58
Q

Content: live, weakened bacteria/virus

A

Attenuated

59
Q

Killer virus/bacteria

A

Killed

60
Q

Detoxified toxin

A

Toxoid

61
Q

Aging of cultures; culture on high temp; passage through another host sp; drying.

A

Attenuated

62
Q

Heat chemicals (HCHO, phenol and alcohol) Uv radiation/photodynamic inhibition.

A

Killed

63
Q

Detoxified by adding 0.4% HCHO

A

Toxoid

64
Q

Long lasting

A

Attenuated

65
Q

Shorter

A

Killed

66
Q

Longer and permanent

A

Toxoid

67
Q

More potent

A

Attenuated

68
Q

Less potent

A

Killed

69
Q

Strong

A

Toxoid

70
Q

Lyophilized form

A

Attenuated

71
Q

Presented in antiseptics like phenol, merthiolate and alcohol

A

Killed

72
Q

Fluid forms are precipitated by an alum/Al(OH)3

A

Toxoid

73
Q

TB, yellow fever, smallpox and polio

A

Attenuated

74
Q

Whooping cough, typhoid fever, cholera, plague, rabies

A

Killed

75
Q

Diphtheria, tetanus

A

Toxoid

76
Q

2 kinds of granules which are involved in antimicrobial properties

A

Azurophilic granule

Specific granule

77
Q

The process of white blood cells migrating outside of blood vessels. Often caused by trauma.

A

Diapedesis

78
Q

Cells that are primarily involved in Diapedesis

A

Neutrophils and cytokines

Immunology and Serology (4 decks)

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