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Immunology and Serology > Introduction to immuno sero > Flashcards

Introduction to immuno sero Flashcards

0
Q

Resistance to infectious agents

A

Immunity

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1
Q

Area of biology that concerned with the process by which all living organism defense themselves against infection.
Study of any protection from any invading substances.

A

Immunology

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2
Q

Study of antigens and antibody in vitro.

Study of blood serum

A

Serology

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3
Q

Between hapten and ag with IG

A

Immunochemistry

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4
Q

Development of allergies and theories of complement

A

Immunobiology

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5
Q

Genetic control

A

Immunogenetics

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6
Q

Damage by immune system

A

Immunopathology

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7
Q

Blood banking or blood groups

A

Immunochematology

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8
Q

Main infection: is self/non self discrimination

A

Immune system

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9
Q

Ability of an organism to recognize and defend itself against specific pathogen or antigens; resistance to infectious agents

A

Immunity

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10
Q

Immunity an organism is born with

A

Natural/innate/genetic/non-specific

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11
Q

It function in the early stages of host defenses in response to any foreign substances referred to as antigen

A

Humoral Defenses/Anatomical/Cellular

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12
Q

Examples of autoimmune disease:

A

Multiple sclerosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic lupos erythematosus
Diabetes juvenile

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13
Q

Mechanical Factors

A

Skin, Mucus, saliva, tears

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14
Q

Chemical Factors

Can give growth to some bacteria

A

Fatty acids in sweat

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15
Q

Chemical factors

Can breakdown cell wall bacteria and destabilize bacterial membranes

A

Lysozymes and phospholipase

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16
Q

Chemical Factors

Prevent growth of bacteria

A

Low pH sweat and gastric secretions

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17
Q

Chemical Factors

Has an antimicrobial property

A

Defensins

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18
Q

Chemical Factor

Acts as opsonins; helps promote phagocytosis

A

Surfactants

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19
Q

Characterized by edema and phagocytic cells. Found in serum and site of infection

A

Humoral barriers to infection

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20
Q

Once activate can lead to increased vascular permeability, recruitment of phagocytic cells, lysis and opsonization of bacteria

A

Complement system

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21
Q

Contribute to the non-specific defenses because of their ability to increase vascular permeability and act as chemotactic agents for phagocytic cells.

A

Coagulation system

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22
Q

By binding iron; these protein limit bacterial growth.

A

Lactoferrin and transferrin

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23
Q

Limit virus replication cells

A

Interferons

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24
Q

Breaks down the cell of bacteria

A

Lysozyme

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25
Q

Cytokines that participate in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions and hematopoiesis

A

Interleukin 1 or IL-1

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26
Q

T-lymphocyte regulate the growth and differentiation of certain lymphopoietic and haemopoietic cells.

A

Interleukin -2 and -3 or IL2 and 3

27
Q

Regulates eosinophil growth and activation and thus plays an important role in disease associated with increased levels of eosinophils, including asthma.

A

Interleukin 5

28
Q

Essential role in the final differentiation of B cells into IG secreting cells, inducing myeloma/plasmacytoma growth, nerve cell differentiation and in hepatocytes, acute-phase reactant, activates resident lymphocytes and vascular endothelia.

A

Interleukin -6 or BSF-2 or interferon beta 2 or B cells stimulating factor -2

29
Q

Is a cytokine that serves as a growth factor for early lymphoid cells, or both B and T cells lineages. Also helps interleukin 4 and 2

A

Interleukin 7 and 9

30
Q

Is a protein that inhibits the synthesis of a number of cytokines, produced by activated macrophages and by helper T cells

A

Interleukin 10

31
Q

Secreted protein that stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis, resulting in increased production of platelets, as well as activating osteoclasts, inhibiting epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis, inhibiting macrophage mediator production.

A

Interleukin 11

32
Q

Stimulation and maintenance of Th1 cellular immune response, including the normal host defense agains various intracellular pathogens, such as Leishmania, Toxoplasma, Measles virus and HIV 1
Differentiate multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel

A

Interleukin -12

33
Q

Pleiotropic cytokine that may be important in the regulation of the inflammatory and immune response.

A

Interleukin -13

34
Q

Is a cytokine that possesses a variety if biological functions, including stimulation and maintenance of cellular immune response.

A

Interleukin -15

35
Q

Potent proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated memory T cells

A

Interleukin -17

36
Q

Regulates proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes

A

Interleukin -20

37
Q

Plays important roles in tumor suppression, wound healing and psoriasis

A

Interleukin -24

38
Q

Induces production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-3 which stimulate eosinophil expansion.

A

Interleukin -25

39
Q

Enhances secretion of IL-10 and IL-8 and cell surface expression of CD 54 on epithelial cells.

A

Interleukin -26

40
Q

Regulates the activity of B and T lymphocytes

A

Interleukin -27

41
Q

Plays a role in immune defense against viruses

A

Interleukin-28

42
Q

Plays a role in host defenses against microbes

A

Interleukin-29

43
Q

Forms one chain of IL-27

A

Interleukin -30

44
Q

May play a role in inflammation of the skin

A

Interleukin-31

45
Q

Induces monocytes and macrophages

A

Interleukin-32

46
Q

Induces helper T cells to produce type 2 cytokine

A

Interleukin -33

47
Q

Suppression of t helper cell activation

A

Interleukin-35(regulatory T cells)

48
Q

Induces chemotaxis in target cells; also induces phagoctyosis; known to be a potent promoter of angiogenesis.

A

IL-8

49
Q

Polymorphonuclear cells are recruited to the site of infection where they phagocytose invading organisms and kill them intracellularly.

A

Neutrophils

50
Q

Segmenters; contributes to collateral tissue damage due to inflammation.

A

Neutrohpils

51
Q

Also function in phagocytosis and intracellular killing of microorganisms. In addition, are capable of extracellular killing of infected or altered self-target cells. Contribute to tissue repair and act as antigen-presenting cells, which are required for the induction of specific immune response.

A

Macrophage

52
Q

Can nonspecifically kill virus infected and tumor cells. Not part of the inflammatory response seen in tumor-surveillance and virus infected cells.

A

Natural Killer and lymphokine activated killer

53
Q

Have proteins in granules that are effective in killing certain parasites.

A

Eosinophils

54
Q

Tissue’s reaction to injury

A

Inflammation

55
Q

Dilation of capillaries and venules so more blood passes to the area of injury

A

Vascular response

56
Q

Different white blood cells

A

Cellular response

57
Q

Defense mechanism against invasion by engulfing foreign substances

A

Phagocytosis

58
Q

Process of phagocytosis

A

Initiation
Chemotaxis
Engulfment
Digestion

59
Q

Process in which cells tend to move in certain direction under stimulation of chemical substances

A

Chemotaxis

60
Q

Toward stimulating substances

A

Positive chemotaxis

61
Q

Away from the stimulating substances

A

Negative chemotaxis

62
Q

By active ameboid movement

A

Engulfment

63
Q

Interact with the surface of bacteria

A

Opsonins

64
Q

Cell becomes degranulated as foreign materials are digested.

A

Digestion

65
Q

Two actions of macrophage

A

Through toxic forms of O2

Use of lysozyme

Immunology and Serology (4 decks)

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