No.3

Question 1

Network diagram one: activity on arrow

Answer 1

Activity on arrow is a network diagramming method in which activities are represented by arrows. The tail of the arrow represents the start and the head represents the finish of the activity (the length does not represent the expected duration of the activity). Activities are connected at points called nodes(drawn as circles) to illustrate the sequence in which the activities are to be performed

Question 2

Network diagrams: activity on node

Answer 2

Activity in node is a network diagramming method in which activities are represented in boxes or nodes. Activities are linked by arrows tos his the sequence in which activities are to be performed.

Question 3

Network definitions

Answer 3

Es = Earliest starting time
Fs= earliest finishing time 
Ls = latest starting time 
LF = latest finishing time 
Ts= total slack (= ls-Es OR lf-ef 
Fs =free slack ( es-ef)

Question 4

Total slack

Answer 4

Total slack is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project

Question 5

Free slack

Answer 5

Free slack is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start of any successor activity

Question 6

Network diagram

Answer 6

No. Activity Dur
ES. Name. EF
LS. TS. FS. LF

Question 7

CriticAl path definition

Answer 7

Critical path is the longest combination of dependant events through the project
Includes those activities that have no slack and if delayed will delay the project as a whole

Question 8

Network diagram shortfalls

Answer 8

Network diagram shortfalls are

Difficult to visualise concurrent activities as no time axis is available

Resource usage is neglected (concurrent use of resources are ignored)

Question 9

Time estimation

Answer 9

A time estimate is an estimation of the time under uncertainty

Question 10

Three point estimation

Answer 10

Ave weighted = opt + peas + 4 ml all /6

Opt = most optimistic time estimate
Pess = most pessimistic time estimate
Ml =most likely time estimate

Question 11

Time buffer calculation

Answer 11

A safe time estimate (prob of 90% that the actual time will fall within this estimate)

An aggressive time estimate (prob of 50% that the actual time will fall with this estimation)

For each activity calculate the difference between safe and aggressive time estimations

Sum the differences together for the activities on the critical path

Use a fraction of the summed difference as the time buffer for the project (aggregation)

Question 12

Bar charts (gantt charts)

Answer 12

Simplest and most common way to present a project plan

Portrays work packages, tasks and activities as well as the status of the project visually against a time axis

Is developed from a WBS analysis

Question 13

Progress estimation (50-50 rule)

Answer 13

Breakdown tasks in roughly the same sizes in terms of time

Apply the 50-50!47@3: 50% progress of activity is started and remaining 50% when completed

Question 14

Resource loading

Answer 14

Resource loading describes the number of individual resources the existing schedule requires

Question 15

Resource levelling

Answer 15

Resource levelling aims to minimise the period by period variations in resource loading using slack times, off loading and multi tasking

Question 16

Work authorisation

Answer 16

Formalises agreement between people delegating work and those accepting responsibility to do the work (SLA)

Question 17

Control process

Answer 17

The control process is the setting of a standard (objective or plan)

It determines facts about the actual situation and anticipating future deviations from the plan

Comparing the actual facts with the standard
Taking actions to bring the actual situation in line with the standard

Question 18

Project control characteristics

Answer 18

Look ahead
Frequent monitoring
Balance quality cost and time
Contingencies

Question 19

Earned value concept

Answer 19

The earned value concept is integrating cost reporting with progress reporting
It represents an estimate of the percentage of work completed thus far

Question 20

Earned value definitions

Answer 20

Pv = planned value (budgeted cost of work scheduled)
Ev = earned value (budgeted cost of work performed or supposed cost)

Ac = actual cost

Sv = schedule variance (Sv = ev -pv)
Tv = time variance (sp - status date)
Sp is the date where pv = ev in time units)

Cv = cost variance (cv = ev- ac)

Positive variance implies good result s

Question 21

Schedule performance index SPI

Answer 21

SPI compares the earned value with the plan. Gives an indication of performance relative to the schedule. Spi = ev/pv
If SPI >1 it’s ahead of schedule

Question 22

Cost performance index

Answer 22

CPI compares the earned value with the actual cost
Measurement of performance relative to the budget
CPI = EV/AC

CPI >1 cost saving