NM Quizzes Flashcards
What type of cells creat myelin in the peripheral NS?
schwann
whay type of cells creat myeline in the CNS?
oligodendrocytes
What is the conduction velocity off nerves with very thick coats of myelin
very fast
Which of the following conditions involve the mmotor end plate of a nerve?
diabetic neuropathy
myasthenia gravis
postpolio
myasthenia gravis
Which disease is the most physically devastating of the neurodegenerative diseases>?
ALS
Which of the following is best describes as the study of how biologic and environmental signals determine gene expression?
genetics
epigentics
genomics
epigenetics
A person’s genetic makeup account for what percent of obesity?
40-70%
What kind of impairments occur for those affected with acute poliomyelitis?
focal and asymmetric motor impairments
For those affected with postpolio syndrom, recovery is attributed to reinnervation of the denervatedmuscle fibers by what…?
collateral sprouting
What neuropathy is classified as a metabolic neuropathy?
diabetic neuropathy?
What is the immune mediated inflammatory neuropathy?
guillain barre
What is the autoimmune myopathy?
myasthenia gravis
What are the hereditary myopathies?
limb girdle dystrophy
facioscapular dstrophy
duchenne’s dystrophy/becker dystropy
What is a hereditary neuropathy?
charcot-marie-tooth
What disease has upper and lower motor neuuro features?
ALS
Which type of muscular dystrophy becomes most apparent between 2-5 years of age
Duchennes MD
What age do children with DMD lose the ability to walk
10-12 years of age
Which NM disease is characterized by progressive weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles resulting from anterior horn cell degneration?
CMT
DMD
SMA
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)
Which NM disorder do individuals have a higher incidence of learning disorders, autism like features and lower than average IQ?
duchenne MD
Charcot Marie Tooth NM disease results in what type of deficits>
primary motor and sensory deficits
Which NM disease is a loud foot slapping, steppage gait patttern very common?
SMA
CMT
DMD
charcot marie tooth
Duchenne MD hallmark signs include..
psuedohypertrophy
Gower’s sign
proximal weakness
What is calf pseudohypertrophy?
as muscle degenerates, the calf muscles are infiltrated with fatty and fibrous tissue
What gene is the largest in the body?
dystrophin
Which of the following therapies are not used to treat SMA
Nusinersen
Risdiplam
corticosteriods
corticosteroids
What scale best dscribes the cogntive behavioral stages oof decline in AD?
global deterioration scale
Which medication may be used to treat dementia ?
medications that block ACh breakdown
What are the subcortical dementia’s?
Lewy Body dementia
Huntington’s disease
What are the cortical types of dementia’s?
Alzheimer’s
vascular dementia
frontotemporal dementation
Wernicke-Korsakoff’s syndrome
pugilistic dementia (CTE)
What is the most beneficial regarding exercise programs for individuals regardless of dementia stage?
mobility training and physical activity
True or False
Individuals with dementia must be able to explicitly remember all of their exercises in order to demonstrate benefit from them on standardized measures such as Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go and gait speed tests.
False
A group of cognitive disorders characterized by memory impairment, difficulty with language, motor ability, object recognition and executive function is describes what?
dementia
True or False
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is associated with repeated hits to the head causing multiple concussions and can only be diagnosed definitively through post-mortem brain tissue analysis.
True
what is the 2nd most common type of dementia
vascular dementia
What type of dementia is characterized by neurofibrilary tangles and neuritic plaquues with amyloids
Alzheimer’s dementia
What dementia is caused by EtOH abuse
Wernicke’s Korsakoff’s syndrome
Ture or False
Research in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Dementia suggests a clear link between declining cognition in these disorders with declining balance ability.
TRUE
Which of Teepa Snow’s “GEMS Brain Change Model” analogies describes an individual at the late or end stages of dementia?
Pearl
Where in the brain is the initial source of pathology located in PD?
substantia nigra
The diagnosis of PD is most typically made by clinical findings of the cardinal signs of PD and a positive response to…
dopamine replacement
What are the cardinal signs of PD
tremor, rigidity, postural instability, and bradykinesia
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is characterized by what?
the inabilit to look down and sever postural instability
The progression of what is faster than the tremor form of PD
postural instability and gait disoders (PIGD)
Individuals in the later stages of PD typically have an excessive forward flexed posture including increased forward head position, thoracic kyphosis, hip flexion, elbow flexion and knee flexion. This posture creates a shift of the center of mass forward which can contribute to which of the following?
balance difficulties and increased fall risk
festinating gait
increased risk for MSk impairment
all the above
balance difficulties and increased fall risk
festinating gait
increased risk for MSk impairment
What is the most common non motor sign of PD?
olfactory loss, cognitive impairment, dperession
Which oHoehn and Yahr stages of PD are described as unilateral symptoms only?
Stage 1
Whcih H&Y stage of PD are described as bilateral symptoms with postural instability (unable to recover on the posterior pull test)?
H&Y Stage 3
What are primary categories of PT intervention for people with PD
aerobic condition
task specific training
flexibility
strengthening
Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores best describes an individual who has severe disability with restriction to bed or wheelchair?
EDSS 8.0
What are common barriers to exercise for individuals with MS
Heat senstivity, fatigue, pain
What areas of the nervous system does MS affect?
the brain and spinal cord
Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores best describes an individual who has mild disability overall, with slightly greater disability in one functional system?
EDSS 2.0
Between what ages are females most commonly affected by MS?
ages 20-50
Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder of the CNS which is characterized by demyelination by an autoimmune process. Which cells are responsible for myelin production in the CNS?
oligodendrocytes
What are the most common initial presentations of MS
optic neuritis, sensory changes, weakness
The McDonald Criteria for diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis is best described by which of the below?
MRI lesions in 2 of 4 areas (dissemination in space) and a relapse and/or new lesions on MRI (dissemination in time)
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis only
Clinical diagnosis only; MRI findings don’t contribute
MRI lesions in 2 of 4 areas (dissemination in space) and a relapse and/or new lesions on MRI (dissemination in time)
True or False
There are disease-modifying drugs for Multiple Sclerosis that significantly decrease new lesion development, progression of the disease and relapse rates.
TRUE
