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Neuroconditions 2022 > NM Quizzes > Flashcards

NM Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cells creat myelin in the peripheral NS?

A

schwann

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2
Q

whay type of cells creat myeline in the CNS?

A

oligodendrocytes

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3
Q

What is the conduction velocity off nerves with very thick coats of myelin

A

very fast

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4
Q

Which of the following conditions involve the mmotor end plate of a nerve?

diabetic neuropathy

myasthenia gravis

postpolio

A

myasthenia gravis

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5
Q

Which disease is the most physically devastating of the neurodegenerative diseases>?

A

ALS

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6
Q

Which of the following is best describes as the study of how biologic and environmental signals determine gene expression?

genetics

epigentics

genomics

A

epigenetics

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7
Q

A person’s genetic makeup account for what percent of obesity?

A

40-70%

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8
Q

What kind of impairments occur for those affected with acute poliomyelitis?

A

focal and asymmetric motor impairments

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9
Q

For those affected with postpolio syndrom, recovery is attributed to reinnervation of the denervatedmuscle fibers by what…?

A

collateral sprouting

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10
Q

What neuropathy is classified as a metabolic neuropathy?

A

diabetic neuropathy?

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11
Q

What is the immune mediated inflammatory neuropathy?

A

guillain barre

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12
Q

What is the autoimmune myopathy?

A

myasthenia gravis

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13
Q

What are the hereditary myopathies?

A

limb girdle dystrophy

facioscapular dstrophy

duchenne’s dystrophy/becker dystropy

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14
Q

What is a hereditary neuropathy?

A

charcot-marie-tooth

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15
Q

What disease has upper and lower motor neuuro features?

A

ALS

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16
Q

Which type of muscular dystrophy becomes most apparent between 2-5 years of age

A

Duchennes MD

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17
Q

What age do children with DMD lose the ability to walk

A

10-12 years of age

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18
Q

Which NM disease is characterized by progressive weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles resulting from anterior horn cell degneration?

CMT

DMD

SMA

A

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)

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19
Q

Which NM disorder do individuals have a higher incidence of learning disorders, autism like features and lower than average IQ?

A

duchenne MD

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20
Q

Charcot Marie Tooth NM disease results in what type of deficits>

A

primary motor and sensory deficits

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21
Q

Which NM disease is a loud foot slapping, steppage gait patttern very common?

SMA

CMT

DMD

A

charcot marie tooth

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22
Q

Duchenne MD hallmark signs include..

A

psuedohypertrophy

Gower’s sign

proximal weakness

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23
Q

What is calf pseudohypertrophy?

A

as muscle degenerates, the calf muscles are infiltrated with fatty and fibrous tissue

24
Q

What gene is the largest in the body?

A

dystrophin

25
Q

Which of the following therapies are not used to treat SMA

Nusinersen

Risdiplam

corticosteriods

A

corticosteroids

26
Q

What scale best dscribes the cogntive behavioral stages oof decline in AD?

A

global deterioration scale

27
Q

Which medication may be used to treat dementia ?

A

medications that block ACh breakdown

28
Q

What are the subcortical dementia’s?

A

Lewy Body dementia

Huntington’s disease

29
Q

What are the cortical types of dementia’s?

A

Alzheimer’s

vascular dementia

frontotemporal dementation

Wernicke-Korsakoff’s syndrome

pugilistic dementia (CTE)

30
Q

What is the most beneficial regarding exercise programs for individuals regardless of dementia stage?

A

mobility training and physical activity

31
Q

True or False

Individuals with dementia must be able to explicitly remember all of their exercises in order to demonstrate benefit from them on standardized measures such as Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go and gait speed tests.

A

False

32
Q

A group of cognitive disorders characterized by memory impairment, difficulty with language, motor ability, object recognition and executive function is describes what?

A

dementia

33
Q

True or False

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is associated with repeated hits to the head causing multiple concussions and can only be diagnosed definitively through post-mortem brain tissue analysis.

A

True

34
Q

what is the 2nd most common type of dementia

A

vascular dementia

35
Q

What type of dementia is characterized by neurofibrilary tangles and neuritic plaquues with amyloids

A

Alzheimer’s dementia

36
Q

What dementia is caused by EtOH abuse

A

Wernicke’s Korsakoff’s syndrome

37
Q

Ture or False

Research in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Dementia suggests a clear link between declining cognition in these disorders with declining balance ability.

A

TRUE

38
Q

Which of Teepa Snow’s “GEMS Brain Change Model” analogies describes an individual at the late or end stages of dementia?

A

Pearl

39
Q

Where in the brain is the initial source of pathology located in PD?

A

substantia nigra

40
Q

The diagnosis of PD is most typically made by clinical findings of the cardinal signs of PD and a positive response to…

A

dopamine replacement

41
Q

What are the cardinal signs of PD

A

tremor, rigidity, postural instability, and bradykinesia

42
Q

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is characterized by what?

A

the inabilit to look down and sever postural instability

43
Q

The progression of what is faster than the tremor form of PD

A

postural instability and gait disoders (PIGD)

44
Q

Individuals in the later stages of PD typically have an excessive forward flexed posture including increased forward head position, thoracic kyphosis, hip flexion, elbow flexion and knee flexion. This posture creates a shift of the center of mass forward which can contribute to which of the following?

balance difficulties and increased fall risk

festinating gait

increased risk for MSk impairment

all the above

A

balance difficulties and increased fall risk

festinating gait

increased risk for MSk impairment

45
Q

What is the most common non motor sign of PD?

A

olfactory loss, cognitive impairment, dperession

46
Q

Which oHoehn and Yahr stages of PD are described as unilateral symptoms only?

A

Stage 1

47
Q

Whcih H&Y stage of PD are described as bilateral symptoms with postural instability (unable to recover on the posterior pull test)?

A

H&Y Stage 3

48
Q

What are primary categories of PT intervention for people with PD

A

aerobic condition

task specific training

flexibility

strengthening

49
Q

Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores best describes an individual who has severe disability with restriction to bed or wheelchair?

A

EDSS 8.0

50
Q

What are common barriers to exercise for individuals with MS

A

Heat senstivity, fatigue, pain

51
Q

What areas of the nervous system does MS affect?

A

the brain and spinal cord

52
Q

Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores best describes an individual who has mild disability overall, with slightly greater disability in one functional system?

A

EDSS 2.0

53
Q

Between what ages are females most commonly affected by MS?

A

ages 20-50

54
Q

Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder of the CNS which is characterized by demyelination by an autoimmune process. Which cells are responsible for myelin production in the CNS?

A

oligodendrocytes

55
Q

What are the most common initial presentations of MS

A

optic neuritis, sensory changes, weakness

56
Q

The McDonald Criteria for diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis is best described by which of the below?

MRI lesions in 2 of 4 areas (dissemination in space) and a relapse and/or new lesions on MRI (dissemination in time)

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis only

Clinical diagnosis only; MRI findings don’t contribute

A

MRI lesions in 2 of 4 areas (dissemination in space) and a relapse and/or new lesions on MRI (dissemination in time)

57
Q

True or False

There are disease-modifying drugs for Multiple Sclerosis that significantly decrease new lesion development, progression of the disease and relapse rates.

A

TRUE

Neuroconditions 2022 (14 decks)

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