Balance, Gait, Wheelchair, Orthotics Neuro Conditions

Question 1

What is postural control?

Answer 1

controlling the body’s position in space for stability and orientation

Question 2

What is postural stability?

Answer 2

ability to control COM in relationship to BOS

Question 3

What is postural orientation?

Answer 3

ability to maintain relationship between body segments and between body and environment for a task

Question 4

Describe postural control of a 15 month old?

Answer 4

compensatory postural respone are present but are more variable and slower than adults
visual dominance characterizes balances

Question 5

describe development of postural control of a 3 yo?

Answer 5

shift to using more somatosensory input fr balance. refineents in sensory integration

Question 6

At what age do postural responses become adult-like but will need continued modification due to grwoth and experienc?

Answer 6

7-10 years old

Question 7

What are the effects on postural control with aging?

Answer 7

decreased ROM of MSK system

decreases in vision, somatosensation, vestibular function; multisensory deficits of NM system

Question 8

What is the reserach definition of a fall?

Answer 8

COM outside BOS, may be in a harness

Question 9

What is the practical definition of a fall?

Answer 9

unintended contact with a supporting surface

Question 10

What are the two self report measures for falling?

Answer 10

activites of balance confidence scale (ABC) <50% likely homeboun, 50-80 somewhat imparied
falls efficacy scale= >70 has a fear of falling

Question 11

What are the extrinsic risk factors for falls?

Answer 11

footwear
change of surface
gait aid use
clutter
lighting
stiars
rugs
AD

Question 12

What are the intrinsic risk factors for falls?

Answer 12

nutrition/hydration
medications
gait/balance difficulties
co-morbid and pre-morbid conditions

Question 13

What are the cut off scores for the TUG?

Answer 13

<20 seconds = independent for ADLS

>12 seconds- at risk for falls

Question 14

What are the cut off scores for the miniBEST

Answer 14

<22 identifies those with postural response deficits

<20 recurrent fallers

Question 15

What is the scoring for the dynamic gait index?

Answer 15

total score =24
0=severe impairment 
1= moderate
3= normal 
cut off score = <19

Question 16

What are the cut offs for the four square step test (FSST)?

Answer 16

stroke > 24 seconds at risk for falls

older adults > 15 seconds at risk for multiple falls

Question 17

What is included in the function in sitting test?

Answer 17

nudges, lateral reach, posterior/anterior scoot, sitting, lift foot, lateral reach, turn for object behind, sitting shake no

Question 18

What are the cutoff scores for 5xSTS

Answer 18

12 sec cutoff between healthy elderly and those with chronic stroke
anticipatory balance

Question 19

What are the cut off scores for a timed up and go TUG?

Answer 19

> 12 sec at risk for fallls, >30 need assistance with ADLs

tests anticipatory balance

Question 20

What kind of balance is the Berg balance

Answer 20

static, anticipatory , socroing 0-56

Question 21

What is the cut off for the POMA?

Answer 21

<19= high fall risk, 
25-28 = low fall risk

Question 22

What are the types of shoe orthotics

Answer 22

shoe inserts

UCBLs