Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KN JD NPTE: MSK/NM > NM PD > Flashcards

NM PD Flashcards

1
Q

Chronic progressive disorder of CNS with degeneration of ________ ______ _____ neurons and nigrostriatal pathways

A

Dopaminergic substantia nigra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Etiology includes:

A 
Infection/postencephalic
Atherosclerosis
Idiopathic
Toxic
Drug induced
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Decrease of _________ within basal ganglia corpus striatum with degeneration to ______ ______

A

Dopamine

Substantia nigra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Loss of ______ ________ which causes excess excitatory output from ______ system of basal ganglia

A

Inhibitory dopamine

Cholinergic (ACh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the classic symptoms?

A

Bradykinesia
Rigidity (cogwheel or leadpipe)
Resting tremor
Postural instability/impaired postural reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hoehn and Yahr: stage 1

A

Minimal/absent disability

U/L symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hoehn and Yahr: stage 2

A

Minimal B/L or midline involvement

No balance involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hoehn and Yahr: stage 3

A

Impaired balance

Restrictions in activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hoehn and Yahr: stage 4

A

All symptoms present and severe

Cannot walk or stand without assistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hoehn and Yahr: stage 5

A

Bed bound or W/C bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Exam:

1) History
2) cog status: ______ in advanced stages, _____ deficits, ________, and _________

A

Dementia
Memory
Bradyphrenia (slow thought processes)
Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Exam:

3) communication: what are you looking for?

A

Dysarthria
Hypophonia
Mask like face
Writing gets smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Exam:

4) oromotor control: _________

A

Dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Exam:

5) cardioresp. Function: decreased _______, decreased ______ expansion, ______ ______

A

Endurance
Thoracic
Ortho hypo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Exam:
6) ROM/deformity: contractures common in _____ and ______.
Thoracic ______ and ______
Increased risk for _____

A

Flexors, adductors
Kyphosis, FHP
Fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Exam:

7) sensation: problems in ______ organization, extreme _______ (akathisia)

A

Spatial

Restlessness

17
Q

Exam:

8) Vision: blurring, _____ eye pursuit, and eye irritation due to what?

A

Cogwheeling

Decreased blinking

18
Q

Exam:

9) skin integ
10) autonomic changes: increased ______/______

A

Drooling, sweating

19
Q

Exam:

11) Muscle tone: ________
12) strength: weakness due to ______
13) Motor function: ______/________ — look at ability to _____ movement, and _____ episodes

A

Rigidity
Disuse
Bradykinesia/akinesia, initiate movement, freezing

20
Q

Exam:

14) involuntary movement: ________ _______, especially ____ _____

A

Resting tremor, pill rolling

21
Q

Exam:

15) Balance: impaired postural reactions, decreased trunk ______

22
Q 
Exam:
16) Gait: lack of \_\_\_\_\_\_,
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_
And \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
A

Extension
FOG
Festination
Fall risk

23
Q

Exam:

17) fatigue: increased with _____ or ____ ______

A

Stress

High effort

24
Q

Medications: Sinemet (Levadopa/carbidopa): provides ________, crosses the ______, decreases the effects of ______

Effects prolonged with ____ _____ diet

A

Dopamine
BBB
PD
Low protein

25
Q

Medications: Sinemet (Levadopa/carbidopa):

What are the ADRs?

A 
N/V
Ortho hypo
Cardiac arrythmias
Involuntary movements
Psychoses
Abn behaviors (hallucinations)
26
Q

Dopamine agonists do what?

Examples?

A

Enhance the effects of sinemet

Bromocriptine, pergolide mesylate

27
Q

Anticholinergic drugs control ______

28
Q

Amantadine increases what?

A

Dopamine release

29
Q

Selegiline is a ______ _____ _____ that increases ______

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

Dopamine

30
Q

Deep brain stimulation in ______ or ______ ______

A

Thalamus

Subthalamic nuclei

31
Q

Teach ______ strategies to unlock ________ such as using _____ stimulation’s

A

Compensatory
Freezing
Auditory

32
Q

Improve strength, especially ______

KN JD NPTE: MSK/NM (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions