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KN JD NPTE: MSK/NM > NM Brain Anatomy > Flashcards

NM Brain Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 lobes of the hemispheres?

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, limbic, insular

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2
Q

In the frontal lobe, the pre-central gyrus is the _____ area for _____ muscle activation

A

Motor

Voluntary

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3
Q

The prefrontal cortex controls what two things?

A

Emotions and judgement

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4
Q

Where is Broca’s area located, and what does it control?

A

Frontal lobe

Motor aspects of speech

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5
Q

The parietal lobe contains the post central gyrus which is….?

A

Primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation

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6
Q

The post central gyrus receives fibers conveying what 4 sensations from the opposite side of the body?

A

Touch, proprioception, pain, temperature

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7
Q

The temporal lobe is the primary _____ cortex

A

Auditory

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8
Q

Wernicke’s area is located where, and what is it responsible for?

A

Temporal lobe

Language comprehension

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9
Q

The occipital lobe is the primary _____ cortex

A

Visual

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10
Q

The insula lies deep within the ______ sulcus and is responsible for _______ functions

A

Lateral

Visceral

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11
Q

The _______ lobe contains the cingulate, parahippocampal, and subcallosal gyri, hippocampal formation, amygdaloid nucleus, hypothalamus, and anterior nuclei of thalamus

A

Limbic

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12
Q

This lobe is the oldest part of the brain

A

Limbic lobe

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13
Q

The limbic lobe is responsible for _____ and _____

A

Instincts and emotions

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14
Q

What lobe is responsible for feeding, aggression, and endocrine aspects of sexual response?

A

Limbic lobe

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15
Q

The cerebral hemispheres are also known as the _________ and are convolutions of _______ matter

A

Telencephalon

Gray

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16
Q

What structures are part of the telencephalon?

A 
Gray matter (cerebral hemispheres)
White matter (transverse fibers, projection fibers, association fibers)
Basal ganglia
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17
Q

Basal ganglia is masses of _____ matter

A

Gray

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18
Q

Basal ganglia consists of what 4 things?

A

Striatum (caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, putamen)
Globes pallidus
Subthalamic nuclei
Substantia nigra

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19
Q

The lenticular nucleus consists of what two structures?

A

Putamen and globus pallidus

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20
Q

What are the 3 circuits?

A

Oculomotor circuit
Motor loop
Limbic circuit

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21
Q

The oculomotor circuit (_______ loop) functions with what?

A

Caudate loop

Saccadic eye movements

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22
Q

The motor loop (________ loop) functions to….

A

Putamen loop

Scale amplitude and velocity of movements
Suppresses conflicting patterns
Preparatory for movement

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23
Q

The limbic circuit functions to do what?

A 
Organize behaviors (exec functions, problem solving)
and for procedural learning
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24
Q

What does the diencephalon consist of?

A

Thalamus
Subthalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

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25
Q

Thalamus contains what 3 things?

A

Sensory nuclei, motor nuclei, other nuclei

26
Q

The sensory nuclei in thalamus integrate and relay sensory information from the all sensory receptors EXCEPT

A

Olfaction

27
Q

Motor nuclei relay motor information from _____ and _______ to precentral motor cortex

A

Cerebellum and GP

28
Q

Other nuclei of the thalamus assist in integration of _____ and _____ functions

A

Visceral and somatic

29
Q

The subthalamus is involved in control fo several functional pathways for ____, _____, and _____ functions

A

Sensory
Motor
Reticular

30
Q

The hypothalamus integrates and controls the functions of the ______ and the ________ system

A

ANS

Neuroendocrine

31
Q

The hypothalamus maintains ______ ____________

A

Body homeostasis

32
Q

The epithalamus has what two structures?

A

The habenular nuclei

Pineal gland

33
Q

The habenular nuclei integrate ____, _____ and ______ afferent pathways

A

Olfactory
Visceral
Somatic

34
Q

The pineal gland secretes hormones that influence the ______ gland and several other organs

Also influences ______ _______

A

Pituitary gland

Circadian rhythm

35
Q

The brainstem consists of what 3 structures?

A

Midbrain (mesencephalon)
Pons
Medulla oblongata

36
Q

The midbrain connects the ____ to the _____

A

Pons to the cerebrum

37
Q

The superior peduncle connects the _____ to the _____

A

Midbrain

Cerebellum

38
Q

The ___________ contains ALL ascending tracts and some descending tracts

A

Tegmentum

39
Q

The ____ ______ received fibers from the cerebellum

A

Red nucleus

40
Q

The red nucleus is the origin for what tract?

A

Rubrospinal tract

41
Q

The substantia nigra is a large motor nucleus connecting with the ________ and ________

A

Basal ganglia and cortex

42
Q

The substantia nigra is important in what two things?

A

Motor control and muscle tone

43
Q

The superior colliculus is an important relay station for _____ and _____ reflexes

A

VISION

VISUAL

44
Q

The periaqueductal gray contains _______ producing cells and ________ autonomic tracts

A

Endorphin

Descending

45
Q

Pons: Connects the ______ to the ______

A

Medulla oblongata to the midbrain

46
Q

Midline raphe nuclei are important for modulating _____ and controlling ______

A

Pain

Arousal

47
Q

Pons tegmentum contains several important cranial nerve nuclei including what?

A

CN 5, 6, 7, 8

48
Q

The medulla oblongata connects _____ with _____

A

SC with pons

49
Q

The medulla contains relay nuclei of dorsal columns (gracilis and cuneatus), fibers cross and give rise to ____ _____

A

Medial lemniscus

50
Q

The inferior cerebellar peduncle relays dorsal ________ tract to cerebellum

A

Spinocerebellar

51
Q

The corticospinal tracts deccusate in the ________

A

Pyramids

52
Q

Medial longitudinal fasciculus is important for what?

A

Control of head movements and gaze stab (VOR)

53
Q

Olivary nucleus complex connects cerebellum to brainstem and is important for ______ _____ ______

A

Voluntary movement control

54
Q

Medulla contains what CN nuclei?

A

8, 10, 12

55
Q

The medulla contains important centers for vital functions: including what 3 things?

A

Cardiac
Respiratory and
Vasomotor centers

56
Q

Cerebellum has __ hemispheres and midline _____; cerebellar cortex, underlying _____ matter, and _____ paired deep nuclei

A

2
Vermis
White
4

57
Q

Archicerebellum (__________ lobe) connects with the ______ system and is concerned with ______ and regulation of ____ ______

Helps coordinate ___________

A

Flocculonodular
Vestibular
Equilibirum
Muscle tone

VOR

58
Q

Paleocerebellum ( ____________, anterior lobe) receives input from ________ pathways and is concerned with modifying ______ _____ and synergistic actions of muscles.

It is important in maintenance of ________ and voluntary movement control

A

Spinocerebellum
Proprioceptive
Muscle tone

Posture

59
Q

Neocerebellum (cerebellar hemisphere, posterior lobe) received input from _____________ tracts and _________ fibers
It is concerned with the smooth contraction of ________ movements
Ensures accurate force, direction, and extent of movement.
Important for what else? (3 things)
May have a role in assisting cognitive function and _____ ______

A

Corticopontocerebellar tracts and olivocerebellar fibers
Voluntary
Important for motor learning, sequencing or movements, and visually trigger movements

Mental imagery

60
Q

The midbrain contains what CN nuclei?

A

CN 3, 4

61
Q

The ______ colliculus is the relay station for hearing and auditory reflexes

A

Inferior

KN JD NPTE: MSK/NM (35 decks)

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