Nitrogen compounds Flashcards
Amines, Amides & Nitrile reaction
What is an Amine?
Compounds where one or more of the Hs on ammonia(NH3) are replaced by an alkyl chain
How are aliphatic amines made?
Alkyl + Ammonia in a sealed tube as ammonia is volatile, and would escape otherwise
How are aromatic amines made?
Phenylamine
By reducing nitrobenzene’s
Why do amine react with acids?
Amines are basic, they accept H+ protons (Bronsted base) / donate electron pairs(Lewis base)
How do amines form alkylammonium ions?
Nitrogen accepts protons/ donates one pair electron to H+ forms R[NH3]+
What happens when you reduce a nitrobenzene?
C₆H₅NO₂ + 6[H] →
forms Phenylamine & Water
C₆H₅NH₂
How do you name amides?
alk-anamide
e.g. Methanamide, Ethanamide, Propanamide
In secondary & tertiary amides what does the N- attached to alkyl chains represent?
The N shows that the alkyl chain is attached to the nitrogen (but isn’t the carbonyl chain)
What reactions do Nitriles have?
Nucleophilic reaction
What happens when Nitriles undergo nucleophilic addition?
They replace other nucleophile groups like OH- Cl,Br,I that are bonded to carbons
What happens when Nitriles react with a carbonyl?
They join a carbonyl the C=O double bond breaks with electrons moving to O to from O- which forms an alcohol
When are nitriles used in reactions?
To extend chain length, the C≡N bond breaks they can make an amine group or sum shit
what are the reagents needed for the nucleophilic sub of a Haloalkane to an amine
excess ethanolic ammonia
how to go from nitrile to carboxylic acid
Heat with water in Acidic conditions(acid must be included: H20,H+)
Nitrile to amine?
Hydrodgenation with nickel catalyst
