Nitrofurantoin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the indications for use

A
  • uncomplicated lower UTI

- mainly gram +ve Staph Saprophyticus and gram -ve E. Coli

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action

A
  • Reduced in bacterial cells by nitrofuran reductase
  • Active metabolite damages bacterial DNA & causes cell death
  • (BACTERICIDAL).
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3
Q

What are the side effects

A
  • GI upset (N&V),
  • Hypersensitivity reactions
  • Dark yellow/brown urine
    Less common
  • Chronic pulmonary reactions (pneumonitis&fibrosis)
  • Hepatitis
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Haemolytic anaemia
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4
Q

What are the contraindications

A
  • Not given to pregnant women towards term
  • babies in first 3months
  • renal impairment
  • Caution in long-term prevention of UTIs (inc SE)
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5
Q

What are the interactions

A

No significant

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6
Q

How are they eliminated

A

Renal

- damage = increased toxicity + reduced efficacy

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7
Q

What do you need to tell the patient

A

Taken with food/milk to minimise GI effects, any pins & needles/breathlessness seek medical attention

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