Nitrofurantoin Flashcards
1
Q
What are the indications for use
A
- uncomplicated lower UTI
- mainly gram +ve Staph Saprophyticus and gram -ve E. Coli
2
Q
What is the mechanism of action
A
- Reduced in bacterial cells by nitrofuran reductase
- Active metabolite damages bacterial DNA & causes cell death
- (BACTERICIDAL).
3
Q
What are the side effects
A
- GI upset (N&V),
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Dark yellow/brown urine
Less common - Chronic pulmonary reactions (pneumonitis&fibrosis)
- Hepatitis
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Haemolytic anaemia
4
Q
What are the contraindications
A
- Not given to pregnant women towards term
- babies in first 3months
- renal impairment
- Caution in long-term prevention of UTIs (inc SE)
5
Q
What are the interactions
A
No significant
6
Q
How are they eliminated
A
Renal
- damage = increased toxicity + reduced efficacy
7
Q
What do you need to tell the patient
A
Taken with food/milk to minimise GI effects, any pins & needles/breathlessness seek medical attention