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Studybuddy > Ninos > Flashcards

Ninos Flashcards

1
Q

Bruckner test

A

Semi dark room with direct ophthalmoscope to assess red reflex in both eyes from 1 m away

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2
Q

Medial Rectus

A

Action:
Insertion : 5.5 mm from limbus
Innervation: Lower CN III
Blood supply: : medial muscular branch of ophthalmic artery

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3
Q

Lateral Rectus

A

Action:
Insertion : 6.9 mm from limbus
Innervation: Lower CN VI
Blood supply: lateral muscular branch of ophthalmic artery, also partially lacrimal artery

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4
Q

Superior Rectus

A

Action:
Insertion :7.7 mm from limbus
Innervation: Upper CNIII
Blood supply: lateral muscular branch of ophthalmic artery

Forms an angle of 23 degrees with visual axis or mid plane

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5
Q

Inferior Rectus

A

Action:
Insertion : 6.5 mm from limbus
Innervation: Lower CN III
Blood supply: medial muscular branch of ophthalmic artery , partially infraorbital artery

Forms an angle of 23 degrees with visual axis of midplane of eye in primary position

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6
Q

Superior Oblique

A

Action:
Insertion : posterior to equator
Innervation: CN IV
Blood supply: lateral muscular branch

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7
Q

Inferior Oblique

A

Action:
Insertion : lateral to macula
Innervation: Lower CN III
Blood supply: : medial muscular branch of ophthalmic artery, partially infraorbital artery

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8
Q

Levator

A

Action:
Insertion : pretarsal obicularis
Innervation: Upper CN III
Blood supply: lateral muscular branch of ophthalmic artery

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9
Q

EOM structure

A

Nerve fibers to muscle fibers : 1:3 to 1:5

Outer orbital layer and inner global layer

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10
Q

Sherringtons Law

A

Increased innervation of a given EOM is accompanied by a reciprocal decrease in the innervation of its antagonist

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11
Q

Herings Law

A

When the eyes move into a gaze direction, there is a simultaneous and equal increase in innervation of the yoke muscles for that direction.

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12
Q

AC/A ratio

A

Accommodative convergence / accommodation

AC/A

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13
Q

Development

A

Between 8 and 15 weeks, there are 2-2.5 million retinal ganglion cells

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14
Q

Monofixation Syndrom

A

Presence of peripheral fusion but absence of bifoveal fusion due to a central scotoma

Often with esotropia

Any amount of gross stereopsis confirms presence of peripheral fusion

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15
Q

Anomalous Retinal Correspondence

A

Fovea of fixating eye is common with peripheral area of other eye

Paradoxical diplopia of ARC persists after strab surgery

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16
Q

Refractive Amblyopia

A
  1. 50 D if anisohyperopia
  2. 00 D anisoastigmatism
  3. 00 of anisomyopia

Hyperopia over 4-5 D
Myopia over 5-6 D
Astigmatism of 2-3 D of cylinder

17
Q

Deprivation Amblyopia

A

Unilateral 6 weeks

Bilateral 10 weeks

18
Q

Hirschberg Test

A

22 prism D of per millimeter of decentration

Krimsky is with prisms

19
Q

Angle Kappa

A

Positive angle kappa is exotropia

Negative angle kappa is esotropia

20
Q

Causes of overelevation in Adduction

A

Inferior oblique overaction - v pattern , weaken IO
Dissociated vertical deviation
Large angle glaucoma
Rectus muscle pulley heterotopia
Orbital dysmorphism
Duane
Anti elevation syndrome after CL inferior oblique anterior transposition
Contralateral inferior Rectus muscle restriction
Skew deviation

21
Q

Causes of Overdepression in Adduction

A

Superior oblique muscle - Lower eye has overaction, weaken SO
Large angle exotropia
Rectus muscle pulley heterotropia
Orbital dysmorphism
Brown syndrome
Contralateral superior Rectus muscle contracture
Skew deviation

22
Q

Superior Oblique Palsy

Inferior Oblique Palsy

A

Unilateral
Bilateral with V pattern
Masked

Treat with prism or weaken IO or strengthen SO

IO Palsy: hypotropia when addicting , A pattern , intorsion and head tilt. Negative forced duction. Weaken same SO or other SR.

23
Q

Vertical Deviations with Horizontal Comitance

A

Monocular elevation deficiency: hypotropia that is similar in adduction and abduction

1 restriction of IR

  1. Deficient innervation of elevators
  2. Combo

Tx with Knapp

Floor fracture, partial CN III Palsy , TED, tumor, fibrosis

24
Q

Dissociated Vertical Deviation

A

Either eye slowly drifts upward and outward when not stimulated

Measure with base down prism in front of upward deviant eye when occluded, then switched

SR recession or IR resection

25
Q

Duane Retraction Syndrome

A

Anomalous co contraction of LR and MR

  1. Poor abduction with eso in primary - MR recession
  2. Poor adduction with exo in primary - LR recession
  3. Both
26
Q

Other syndromes

A

Congenital fibrosis : strabismus fixus is horizontal, vertical retraction is SR

Mobius: 6th and 7th Nerve palsies ; if kind with exotropia and vertical limitation = TUBB3

Brown: deficient elevation in adduction + forced ductions and V pattern

CPEO: progressive ptosis to paralysis.

27
Q

Convergence Insufficiency

A

Asthenopia
Reading problems
Blurred near vision
Diplopia

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