Nine Weeks Test 1 Flashcards
What are the steps in a experiment?
First you create a purpose for you experiment, question what you observed, form a hypothesis, experiment, then gather data, lastly form a conclusion
What is a hypothesis?
Proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations(educated guess)
What is a controlled experiment?
An experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time. All others are unchanged or controlled
Why do scientists share their experiments?
So they can share data and redo each other’s experiments to see if they will get different results
What is a theory?
A very well tested hypothesis
What does biology mean?
Science that seeks to understand the living world
What are the seven characteristics of all living things?
Made up of units called cells, can reproduce, based on universal genetic code, can grow and develop, can obtain and use materials for energy, they respond to their environment, maintain a stable internal environment, and change overtime
What is the goal of science?
To investigate and understand the natural world and to use those explanations to make useful predictions
What is homeostasis?
Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable, internal environment
What is metabolism?
Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
What are all the types of microscopes?
Electron-use beams of electrons rather than light to produce images Scanning electron(SEM)-scan a narrow beam of electrons back and forth across the surface of a specimen Transmission electron(TEM)-shine a beam of event robs through a thin specimen Compound light-allow light to pass through specimen and use two lenses to form an image
What is a cell culture?
Group of cells that develop from a single cell. Used to test cell responses under controlled conditions, study interactions between cells, and to select specific cells for further study
What is cell fractionation?
Technique biologists use to separate the different cell parts
What is an inference?
A logical interpretation based on prior know leg or experience
What is a cell?
Most basic, yet complex unit of all forms of life
What is data?
Information gathered from observation
What was Francesco Redi’s experiment? What was he trying to prove?
Based on his hypothesis, Redi made a prediction that keeping flies away from meat he would prevent the appearance of maggots. To test this he put two jars outside, one with a gauze and one uncovered for the same period of time. He was trying to prove spontaneous generation
What is spontaneous generation?
The idea that life could arise from nonliving matter
What is a variable?
Factor in an experiment that can change
What are the types of variables?
Manipulated-variable that is deliberately changed(independent)
Responding-response to the manipulated variable(dependent)
Why is it important to test or change only one variable at a time?
It’s so you can see which variable caused a certain reaction at a particular time
What are the three atomic particle that make up an atom?
Electron, proton, and neutron
Where are the three atomic particles located in the atom?
The protons and neutrons are in the nucleus and the electrons are orbiting around the nucleus
How do you find the number of neutrons in a element?
Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass
P-E=N……..ENGLAND!!!!!!!!:
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain
What is the basic unit of matter?
Atom
What is a element?
Pure substance that consist entirely of one type of atom
What are the first ten elements?
Hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon(in order)
What is the metric system? Why do scientists use it?
Decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and have multiples of ten. It’s used because it’s easy to use and scientists need to replicate each others experiments that involve measurements. This means they need to all use the same common system of measurement
What is the Greek word for atom?
Atomos
What are the atomic particles’ charges?
Electron-negative
Proton-positive
Neutron-neutral
What are all the chemical bonds and what are there difference from each other?
Ionic-one or more electrons are TRANSFERRED from one atom to another
Covalent-when electrons are SHARED between atoms
What are all the levels of organization? In order!!!!
Species, population, communities, ecosystems, biome, and the biosphere(smallest to largest)
What is the biosphere?
Contains the combined portions of the planet in which all life exist
What are all the types of heterotrophs?
Carnivore, omnivore, herbivore, detritivore, and decomposer(all are also called consumers)
What is a detritivore?
Organisms that feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter(mites, earthworms, snails, and crabs)
What is the original source of energy in most ecosystems?
Sun
What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply
What are autotrophs?
Only plants, some algae, and certain bacteria can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food
What is a food chain?
Series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
What is a food web?
A network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem
What is a ecological pyramid?
Diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or web
What is biomass?
Total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level
What is a trophic level?
Step in a food chain or web
What is photosynthesis?
Autotrophs use light energy to power chemical reactions that turn carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and carbohydrates
What is chemosynthesis?
When organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
What is on the first level of an ecological pyramid?
Producers
How much energy is passed on in a trophic level and where does it go?
Only about ten percent of the energy available the rest of the energy goes to the need to consume, reproduce, and other ,ice processes(heat)
What is nitrogen fixation?
Process in which certain bacteria that converts nitrogen gas into ammonia
What is denitrification?
Soil bacteria that converts nitrates into nitrogen gas(releases nitrogen to the atmosphere
What is the primary productivity in a ecosystem?
Rate at which organic matter is created by producers
What is a limiting nutrient and how does it affect a ecosystem?
When an ecosystem is limited by one single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly. It limits the growth in a ecosystem and has a negative affect to all the living things, because they are limited to only one nutrient
