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Biology > Biology Semester > Flashcards

Biology Semester Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

When organisms maintain a stable, internal environment

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2
Q

What does the work of science begin with?

A

Carful observations

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3
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

When one variable is changed at a time and all other variables are controlled during the experiment

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4
Q

How does science differ from other disciplines?

A

Requires facts and experimentation

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5
Q

When is a hypothesis useful?

A

When it is testable?

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6
Q

Where may a hypothesis come from?

A

A question about an observation or inference

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7
Q

What is spontaneous generation?

A

Idea that life can arise from nonliving matter

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8
Q

What is not the goal of science and how it works?

A

Something that can’t be proven or tested

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9
Q

What is an inference?

A

Logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or observation

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10
Q

Why do scientists need to publish details of important work?

A

So they can replicate each other’s experiments and compare data for further testing

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11
Q

A tissue is composed of what?

A

Individual cells that perform specific tasks

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12
Q

What is a theory?

A

A very well supported hypothesis

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13
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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14
Q

What is biology?

A

Science that seeks to understand the living world

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15
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Small particles in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein; found in the cytoplasm

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16
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Threadlike structures within the nucleus containing genetic material that is passed down form one generation to the next

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17
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Strong supporting layer around cell membrane found only in plants

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18
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

Thin, flexible barrier around the cell and regulates what comes in and out of the cell

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of living things?

A
  1. Reproduce
  2. Based on universal genetic code
  3. Made of cells
  4. Grow and develop
  5. Obtain energy and materials
  6. Respond to surrounding environment
  7. Change overtime
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20
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Found in the center of the cell or atom; control center; makes all decisions of the cell; protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of an atom

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21
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Combination of reactions in which organisms build up or breakdown material

22
Q

What is a microscope?

A

Device that produce magnified images that are too small to small to be seen with the unaided eye

23
Q

What is a compound light microscope?

A

Microscope that allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to make an image

24
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

Organelle that converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for cell use(powerhouse)

25
Q

What are the chloroplasts?

A

Organelles found in plants that use sun energy to make chemical energy

26
Q

What is a cell culture?

A

Group of cells that develop from a single, original cell

27
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus?

A

Organelle that modifies, sorts, packages, and organizes proteins and make proteins using coded instructions from the nucleus

28
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Organelle filled with enzymes needed to remove or breakdown material in the cell

29
Q

What are the charges of the three atomic particles?

A

Proton- positive
Electron- negative
Neutron- neutral

30
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

Network of protein filaments that helps cell move and keep its shape

31
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Support and protect the cell

32
Q

What did Democritus believe about atoms?

A

They couldn’t be divided

33
Q

How do you find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a element?

A

Electrons- same as protons
Protons- atomic number
Neutrons- subtract electrons from atomic mass

34
Q

What cell has no cell wall?

A

Animal

35
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryote?

A

P- don’t have a nucleus

E- have a nucleus

36
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with a different number of electrons

37
Q

What is a species?

A

Similar organisms that can breed and produce

38
Q

What are populations?

A

Groups of species that live in the same area

39
Q

What is ecology?

A

Scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment

40
Q

What is a biome?

A

Group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities

41
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

Part of earth in which life exists including land, water, and air

42
Q

What is a community?

A

All populations that live together in a defined area

43
Q

Who was Aton van Leeuwenhoek?

A

First person to use a microscope to study nature

44
Q

Who was Robert Hooke?

A

Discovered cells by looking through a cork through a microscope. Compared the chambers in a cork to a cell

45
Q

What are covalent and ionic bonds?

A

Covalent- shares electrons between atoms

Ionic- transfer electrons between atoms

46
Q

What are autotrophs and heterotrophs?

A

A- producers that make their own food from light energy

H- consumers that rely on other organisms for food and energy

47
Q

What is a food chain and a food web?

A

FC- series of step in a ecosystem where organisms transfer energy by eating or being eaten(energy-90% is lost as heat, 10% is transferred)
FW- all food chains in an ecosystem(producers are always on the first level)

48
Q

What are the two ways water enters the atmosphere in a water cycle?

A

Evaporation and transpiration

49
Q

What is a observation?

A

Things that can be observed using the five senses

50
Q

What is the order of the levels of organization?

A

Species, population, community, biome, and biosphere

51
Q

What is the goal of science?

A

To investigate the natural world, understand the natural world, and to explanations to make useful predictions

Biology (8 decks)

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