Biology DNA Flashcards
What is a gene?
Functional physical unit of hereditary and passed from parent to offspring
What is genetic engineering?
Technique used to manipulate genes
What is genetic code?
Instructions in a gene that tell a cell how to make proteins
What is ethics?
System of moral principles
What is Bioethics?
Study of ethical issues of biological research and applications, especially in medicine
What is Biotechnology?
Techniques of managing biological systems of human benefit
What is eugenics?
Science of improving the quality of a breed of species by different strategies such as careful selection of parents or use of genetic testing
What is deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)?
Chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries genetic functions for making living organisms
What are the four small chemical bases in DNA?
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine.
What is selective breeding?
Allowing only those animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation
What is hybridization?
Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best if both organisms together
What is inbreeding?
Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics
What is a restriction enzyme?
Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
What is gel electrophoresis?
Mixture if DNA fragments placed at one end of a porous gel, and an electric voltage is applied to the gel
What is recombinant DNA?
DNA molecules that are produced by combining DNA from different resources
What is polymerase chain reaction(PCR)?
Technique that allows molecular biologists to make many copies of a particular gene
What are the tools of molecular biology?
DNA extraction, cutting DNA, separating DNA, pasting DNA, and copying DNA
What happens in DNA extraction?
A chemical procedure is done that opens the cell and separates the DNA from the cell parts.
What happens when cutting DNA?
Biologists cut DNA into tiny fragments using restriction enzymes. The enzymes cut the DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides, making the DNA smaller.
What happens when separating DNA?
A procedure called gel electrophoresis is used. This is when a mixture of DNA fragments is placed at one end of the porous gel, and an electric voltage is applied to the other end. When power is turned on, the negative molecules move to the positive end of the gel.
What happens when pasting DNA?
DNA from different sources are combined to form recombinant DNA
What happens when copying DNA?
Biologists duplicate DNA and particular genes using polymerase chain reactions(PCR)
What happens when reading a DNA sequence? Why do biologists do this?
While reading a sequence, the biologist reads the certain order of bases located in the DNA code. They do this because they have to know what type of DNA it is and what is in it to know how to handle, manipulate, and study it.
In the DNA project done in class what did the certain parts represent?
Nerd rope: backbone
Twisting the ropes: double helix
Marshmallows: the chemical bases located in the DNA
