Biology DNA

Question 1

What is a gene?

Answer 1

Functional physical unit of hereditary and passed from parent to offspring

Question 2

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 2

Technique used to manipulate genes

Question 3

What is genetic code?

Answer 3

Instructions in a gene that tell a cell how to make proteins

Question 4

What is ethics?

Answer 4

System of moral principles

Question 5

What is Bioethics?

Answer 5

Study of ethical issues of biological research and applications, especially in medicine

Question 6

What is Biotechnology?

Answer 6

Techniques of managing biological systems of human benefit

Question 7

What is eugenics?

Answer 7

Science of improving the quality of a breed of species by different strategies such as careful selection of parents or use of genetic testing

Question 8

What is deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)?

Answer 8

Chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries genetic functions for making living organisms

Question 9

What are the four small chemical bases in DNA?

Answer 9

Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine.

Question 10

What is selective breeding?

Answer 10

Allowing only those animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation

Question 11

What is hybridization?

Answer 11

Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best if both organisms together

Question 12

What is inbreeding?

Answer 12

Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics

Question 13

What is a restriction enzyme?

Answer 13

Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides

Question 14

What is gel electrophoresis?

Answer 14

Mixture if DNA fragments placed at one end of a porous gel, and an electric voltage is applied to the gel

Question 15

What is recombinant DNA?

Answer 15

DNA molecules that are produced by combining DNA from different resources

Question 16

What is polymerase chain reaction(PCR)?

Answer 16

Technique that allows molecular biologists to make many copies of a particular gene

Question 17

What are the tools of molecular biology?

Answer 17

DNA extraction, cutting DNA, separating DNA, pasting DNA, and copying DNA

Question 18

What happens in DNA extraction?

Answer 18

A chemical procedure is done that opens the cell and separates the DNA from the cell parts.

Question 19

What happens when cutting DNA?

Answer 19

Biologists cut DNA into tiny fragments using restriction enzymes. The enzymes cut the DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides, making the DNA smaller.

Question 20

What happens when separating DNA?

Answer 20

A procedure called gel electrophoresis is used. This is when a mixture of DNA fragments is placed at one end of the porous gel, and an electric voltage is applied to the other end. When power is turned on, the negative molecules move to the positive end of the gel.

Question 21

What happens when pasting DNA?

Answer 21

DNA from different sources are combined to form recombinant DNA

Question 22

What happens when copying DNA?

Answer 22

Biologists duplicate DNA and particular genes using polymerase chain reactions(PCR)

Question 23

What happens when reading a DNA sequence? Why do biologists do this?

Answer 23

While reading a sequence, the biologist reads the certain order of bases located in the DNA code. They do this because they have to know what type of DNA it is and what is in it to know how to handle, manipulate, and study it.

Question 24

In the DNA project done in class what did the certain parts represent?

Answer 24

Nerd rope: backbone
Twisting the ropes: double helix
Marshmallows: the chemical bases located in the DNA