Nightmare Exam!! Flashcards
Garner (v.)
gather
Accord (n.)
an official agreement or treaty
Ex: the groups refused to sign the accord
Ratified (v.)
give consent
ex: ratify the treaty
Egregious (adj.)
outstandingly bad
Planning Fallacy
This is when people tend to underestimate the time a task, effort, or resources a project will take. Its about being over optimistic
Ex: completing a project by staying up all night
Hyperbolic Discounting
When people prioritize immediate rewards over long term better rewards.
Ex: Choosing 100 dollars now rather than 150 in one month.
Halo Effect/Horn Effect
Halo/horn effect analyzes the influence of first impressions. if you see something good about a person you have a overall positive impression, if you see something bad you see an overall bad impression.
Anchoring Bias
Relying heavily on the first piece of information given.
Ex: seeing a car as 20000 dollars, and then next week 10000 you are likely to buy and be anchored to it.
Survivorship Bias
Viewing only those who survived or succeeded in a process/event, while ignoring others.
Narrative Bias
People making sense of the world around them through stories made of arbitrary and small information.
Ex: saying a company is at its downfall because they had a decline in sales.
Actor-Observer Bias
When you attribute your own bad actions to external factors but others to their traits and characteristics.
Gambler’s Fallacy
When people believe past events can influence future outcomes.
Ex: flipping a coin 5 times and its heads, thinking the next will be tails
Fear of Missing Out
Being scared your being left out and getting a rush of emotion
Self-Serving Bias
People attribute their skills to “self-serve” themselves. They say a positive trait is attributed to their natural ability and negative is attributed to their environment at that time.
Tu Quoque
Claiming that someone’s argument must be false because its not consistent with their past.
Ex: Because you do weed you can’t talk on banning marijuana.
Slippery Slope
Takes a minor event and turns it into a catastrophe
Ex: lowering the vote age leads to babies voting
Hasty Generalization
making a claim based on evidence that is too small
Personal Incredulity
because you think something is hard to understand it must be untrue
False Cause or Equivalency
You assume that a relationship or perceived relationship between two things means that one is the cause of the other
Ex: The rooster’s call is what causes the sun to rise
Red Herring
irrelevant info that is there to distract you from the real issue
Ex: “We can’t raise salaries, but we still provide great benefits for our employees.”
Son: “Wow, Dad, it’s really hard to make a living on my salary.” Father: “Consider yourself lucky, son. Why, when I was your age, I only made $40 a week.”
Bandwagon
when someone assumes that something must be true based on popularity, you “bandwagon”
Ex: getting the new iPhone just because everyone else is
Circular Argument
It is when the same point is repeated and again without adding any additional information
Ex:
Person 1: “God must exist.” (A)
Person 2: “How do you know?”
Person 1: “Because it says so in the Bible.” (B)
Person 2: “Why should I believe the Bible?”
Person 1: “Because it is the divine work of God.” (C)
In the above argument structure, notice that the premises rely on each other for their validity:
Statement A is true because of B.
Statement B is true because of C.
Statement C is true because of A.
False Dilemma (B or W)
When only a few choices are given as a solution of a problem
Ex: You either get us pizza today or we will eat the week old pasta
Strawman
You misrepresent someones argument to make it easier to attack
Ex: The wife never said that she hated cats, only that she preferred dogs.
Appeal to Authority
The appeal to authority fallacy is the logical fallacy of saying a claim is true simply because an authority figure made it
ex: Clarence tells his friend to trust his knowledge not for any reason other than the fact that he is a lawyer.
Ad hominem
attacking someones character rather than their argument
Ex: We shouldn’t listen to you cuz you’re stupid
Iambic Meter
^ /
iamb-IC
Anapestic Meter
^ ^ /
ana-pest-IC
Trochaic Meter
/ ^
Spondaic Meter
/ /
Pyrrhic Meter
^ ^
Dactylic Meter
/ ^ ^
1 Foot
monometer
4 Feet
Tetrameter
Eunirophrenia
The ineluctable modality of the subcritical, like scintilla perpetually in the periphery (happy sleep or something)
Sotto voce
quiet voice
