Nightmare Exam!!

Question 1

Garner (v.)

Answer 1

gather

Question 2

Accord (n.)

Answer 2

an official agreement or treaty

Ex: the groups refused to sign the accord

Question 3

Ratified (v.)

Answer 3

give consent

ex: ratify the treaty

Question 4

Egregious (adj.)

Answer 4

outstandingly bad

Question 5

Planning Fallacy

Answer 5

This is when people tend to underestimate the time a task, effort, or resources a project will take. Its about being over optimistic

Ex: completing a project by staying up all night

Question 6

Hyperbolic Discounting

Answer 6

When people prioritize immediate rewards over long term better rewards.

Ex: Choosing 100 dollars now rather than 150 in one month.

Question 7

Halo Effect/Horn Effect

Answer 7

Halo/horn effect analyzes the influence of first impressions. if you see something good about a person you have a overall positive impression, if you see something bad you see an overall bad impression.

Question 8

Anchoring Bias

Answer 8

Relying heavily on the first piece of information given.

Ex: seeing a car as 20000 dollars, and then next week 10000 you are likely to buy and be anchored to it.

Question 9

Survivorship Bias

Answer 9

Viewing only those who survived or succeeded in a process/event, while ignoring others.

Question 10

Narrative Bias

Answer 10

People making sense of the world around them through stories made of arbitrary and small information.

Ex: saying a company is at its downfall because they had a decline in sales.

Question 11

Actor-Observer Bias

Answer 11

When you attribute your own bad actions to external factors but others to their traits and characteristics.

Question 12

Gambler’s Fallacy

Answer 12

When people believe past events can influence future outcomes.

Ex: flipping a coin 5 times and its heads, thinking the next will be tails

Question 13

Fear of Missing Out

Answer 13

Being scared your being left out and getting a rush of emotion

Question 14

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 14

People attribute their skills to “self-serve” themselves. They say a positive trait is attributed to their natural ability and negative is attributed to their environment at that time.

Question 15

Tu Quoque

Answer 15

Claiming that someone’s argument must be false because its not consistent with their past.

Ex: Because you do weed you can’t talk on banning marijuana.

Question 16

Slippery Slope

Answer 16

Takes a minor event and turns it into a catastrophe

Ex: lowering the vote age leads to babies voting

Question 17

Hasty Generalization

Answer 17

making a claim based on evidence that is too small

Question 18

Personal Incredulity

Answer 18

because you think something is hard to understand it must be untrue

Question 19

False Cause or Equivalency

Answer 19

You assume that a relationship or perceived relationship between two things means that one is the cause of the other

Ex: The rooster’s call is what causes the sun to rise

Question 20

Red Herring

Answer 20

irrelevant info that is there to distract you from the real issue

Ex: “We can’t raise salaries, but we still provide great benefits for our employees.”

Son: “Wow, Dad, it’s really hard to make a living on my salary.” Father: “Consider yourself lucky, son. Why, when I was your age, I only made $40 a week.”

Question 21

Bandwagon

Answer 21

when someone assumes that something must be true based on popularity, you “bandwagon”

Ex: getting the new iPhone just because everyone else is

Question 22

Circular Argument

Answer 22

It is when the same point is repeated and again without adding any additional information

Ex:
Person 1: “God must exist.” (A)
Person 2: “How do you know?”

Person 1: “Because it says so in the Bible.” (B)

Person 2: “Why should I believe the Bible?”

Person 1: “Because it is the divine work of God.” (C)

In the above argument structure, notice that the premises rely on each other for their validity:

Statement A is true because of B.
Statement B is true because of C.
Statement C is true because of A.

Question 23

False Dilemma (B or W)

Answer 23

When only a few choices are given as a solution of a problem

Ex: You either get us pizza today or we will eat the week old pasta

Question 24

Strawman

Answer 24

You misrepresent someones argument to make it easier to attack

Ex: The wife never said that she hated cats, only that she preferred dogs.

Question 25

Appeal to Authority

Answer 25

The appeal to authority fallacy is the logical fallacy of saying a claim is true simply because an authority figure made it

ex: Clarence tells his friend to trust his knowledge not for any reason other than the fact that he is a lawyer.

Question 26

Ad hominem

Answer 26

attacking someones character rather than their argument

Ex: We shouldn’t listen to you cuz you’re stupid

Question 27

Iambic Meter

Answer 27

^ /

iamb-IC

Question 28

Anapestic Meter

Answer 28

^ ^ /

ana-pest-IC

Question 29

Trochaic Meter

Answer 29

/ ^

Question 30

Spondaic Meter

Answer 30

/ /

Question 31

Pyrrhic Meter

Answer 31

^ ^

Question 32

Dactylic Meter

Answer 32

/ ^ ^

Question 33

1 Foot

Answer 33

monometer

Question 34

4 Feet

Answer 34

Tetrameter

Question 35

Eunirophrenia

Answer 35

The ineluctable modality of the subcritical, like scintilla perpetually in the periphery (happy sleep or something)

Question 36

Sotto voce

Answer 36

quiet voice