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Army Aviation > Night Vision Devices > Flashcards

Night Vision Devices Flashcards

1
Q

Thats the function of the cornea?

A

Protect the eye

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2
Q

What is the iris?

A

The colored membrane around the pupil

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3
Q

Function of the iris

A

Adjusts the pupil size to allow light into the eye

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4
Q

What is the function of the lens?

A
  • To focus light on retina

- Hardens with age

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5
Q

What is the retina?

A

The light sensitive part of the eye

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6
Q

What component of the eye adjusts the pupil size to allow light into the eye?

A

Iris

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7
Q

Cones work best in ____.

A

Daylight - 50% illumination and up

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8
Q

Rods work best in _____.

A

Low light - 0% illumination and up

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9
Q

Cones have a 1:_____ ratio.

A

1

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10
Q

Rods have a 1:_____ ratio

A

Thousands

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11
Q

What is the Fovea Centralis and what are its characteristics?

A
  • Contains only cone cells
  • 15* off center
  • Direct or central vision
  • 2 mm diameter
  • 85% of visual information comes from Fovea
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12
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

Where the optic nerve enters the retina

- Called the day blind spot

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13
Q

What does the Parafovea contain? (Rods/cones)

A

Both rods and cones

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14
Q

Which type of vision is characterized by lack of color perception and requires off center viewing?

A

Scotopic

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15
Q

What is Rhodopsin and how long time does it take to build up?

A
  • “visual purple”
  • Requires buildup to see at night
  • 30-45 minutes to build up
  • Bleached by bright light
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16
Q

How long times does it take to readapt after exposure to bright light?

A

5-45 min

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17
Q

What does the Peripheral regin contain? (Rods/cones)

A

Rods

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18
Q

Scotopic vision is when:

A

Light environment are below 50%

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19
Q

Mesopic vision is when:

A

Light is between 50% and daylight

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20
Q

Photopic is when:

A

Its daylight

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21
Q

How to preserve your eyes?

A
  • Dark sunglasses with a neutral grey tint
  • Light transmission of 15% or less
  • Authorized Protective Eyewear List
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22
Q

How to make eyes healthy?

A

Vitamin A in the form of Milk, Cheese, Carrots, Green vegetable, Liver, Fish
- Multivitamin

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23
Q

If there is bright light, the area around it will what?

A

Blacken out

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24
Q

How to avoid muzzle flashes and tracers?

A
  • Close or cover 1 eye
  • Limit burst length
  • Turn away
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25
Q

Cockpit illumination should be set to:

A

Lowest easily readable level

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26
Q

Night blind spot covers ____ - ____ degrees?

A

5-10 degrees

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27
Q

What is the cause of the day blind spot?

A

Optic nerve

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28
Q

How do we compensate for day blind spot?

A

Viewing with binocular vision

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29
Q

What is the “Field of Regard”

A

What you can see in a given helicopter

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30
Q

3 scanning techniques

A
  • Stop turn technique
  • Ten degree circular overlap
  • Off center viewing
31
Q

Why is the circular overlap 10*?

A

To ensure a cover area larger than the night blind spot

32
Q

What are the Monocular cues?

A
  • GRAM*
  • Geometric perspective
  • Retinal image size
  • Aerial Perspective
  • Motion parallax
33
Q

Types of Geometric perspective:

A
  • LAV*
  • Linear perspective
  • Apparent foreshortening
  • Vertical Position in the field
34
Q

Types of Retinal image size:

A
  • KITO*
  • Known size of objects
  • Increasing or decreasing size of objects
  • Terrestrial association
  • Overlapping contours
35
Q

Types pf Areal perspective:

A
  • FLaP*
  • Fading color or shades
  • Loss of detail or texture
  • Position of light source and direction of shadow
36
Q

What is a laser?

A

Intense, narrow beam of light

37
Q

NOHD is short for:

A

Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance

- The minimum distance where a laser is considered to be eye safe

38
Q

Class 1 lasers are:

A

Cheap lasers such as cd players

39
Q

Class 2 lasers are:

A

Lazer pointer and comercial scanners

- Caution do not stare directly into

40
Q

Class 3a ( low power) lasers are:

A

Aircrew laser pointer

- Potential hazardous if the direct of reflected beam is viewed by the direct eye

41
Q

Class 3b (high power) lasers are:

A

High power laser sights for firearms

42
Q

Class 4 lasers are:

A

Laser range finders or target designator

- Capable of producing diffuse reflection, fire and skin hazards

43
Q

Class 5 lasers are:

A

Anti missile/ship defense

- Capable of burning objects directly exposed to energy

44
Q

safety wise class 3 and 4 lasers can be compared to:

A

Firearms

45
Q

What precautions must aviators take to ensure laser safety?

A
  • Threat a laser like a loaded weapon to avoid injury
  • Do not point any laser directly at other people
  • Do not look into any infared laser beam
  • Do not point any laser beam at mirror-like surfaces
  • Laser eye protection should be worn when operating, Maintaining, servicing, or testing the ALP in high power mode
  • Never view any laser through magnifying optics without appropriate safety filters
  • Only operate lasers inside the cockpit of an aircraft in accordance with the appropriate AWR and local procedures
46
Q

How much exposure time is required to cause miosis?

A

Dependent on amount of exposure

47
Q

What are the visual illusions?

A

F-ire F-ire F-ire CRASH CARS

  • Flicker vertigo
  • False horizons
  • Fascination/fixation
  • Confusion w/ground lights
  • Relative motion
  • Altered planes of reference
  • Size-Distance
  • Height-depth perception
  • Crater illusion
  • Autokinesis
  • Reversible perspective
  • Structural
48
Q

What tool can help maintain a/c control when hovering over contrast or disorienting surface?

A

HUD

49
Q

What is White Hot?

A

The hotter the whiter and is used for target acquisition

50
Q

What is the thermal systems ability to detect small differences in temperature called?

A

Minimum resolvable temperature (MRT)

51
Q

Which polary setting is best for selecting hot spots?

A

White hot

52
Q

Which lens has the anti blue coating?

A

Objective lens

53
Q

The Field of view with NVGs are _____ degrees

A

40

54
Q

Best NVG Visual acuity:

A

20/25

55
Q

Worst NVG visual acuity:

A

20/70

56
Q

Best unaided Visual acuity (at night):

A

20/200

57
Q

Operational deficiencies

A
  • Shading
  • Emission points
  • Edge glow
  • Flashing/flickering and intermittent operation
58
Q

Types of natural light at night:

A
  • Moonlight (moves across the sky at 15 degrees/h)
  • Starlight
  • Sunlight
59
Q

Visual illusion and Spatial D is more like to occur at night due to:

A
  • Inexperience
  • Degraded visual acuity
  • Limited FOV
  • High task loading
  • Fatigue
60
Q

In daytime you can use color vision and high level of visual acuity, but at night time you must rely on:

A
  • Size
  • shape
  • contrast
  • reflectivity
61
Q

What factors increase the likelihood of experience visual illusion or Spatial D?

A
  • Inexperience
  • Degraded visual acuity
  • Limited FOV
  • High task loading
  • Fatigue
62
Q

The level of contrast at night depends on?

A
  • Color and texture
  • Level and type of ambient light
  • Reflectivity
63
Q

Types of terrain we can fly in:

A
  • Urban
  • Vegetated/rolling terrain (the best to fly NVG in)
  • Mountains
  • Desert
  • Arctic/snow
  • Over Water
64
Q

WARNING: Exercise extreme caution when flying from ____ ambient light conditions to ____ ambient light conditions.

Under _____ light conditions the google loose some acuity that they have under _____ light conditions.

Flying from _____ to ____ light conditions quickly reduces the sharpness and definition of terrain images.

A

Hight , Low

Low , High

High , Low

65
Q

High moon elevation provides:

A

More ambient light at a high elevation than at low elevation

66
Q

Low moon elevation can be beneficial by:

A

Making minor terrain features more apparent due to the shadows that form.
- The shadows can also get to large and degrade scene detail

67
Q

If ambient light levels unexpectedly decrease what indications may be present?

A
  • Scintillation
  • Increase in halo intensity
  • Loss of celestial light
  • Loss of ground light
68
Q

Degraded visual environment includes:

A
  • Clouds
  • Fog
  • Rain
  • Dust
  • Snow
69
Q

Battlefield light sources can negatively impact the ANVIS image due to what power supply functions being activated?

A
  • Automatic rightness control (ABC)
  • Bright source protection (BSP)

(Both of the functions there are)

70
Q

___ is the best tactical field lighting for a LZ

A

Inverted Y

71
Q

What about night flight does 95-1 say?

A

You need a flashlight

72
Q

General considerations regarding NVG mission planning:

A

Psychological and physiological stress

  • Navigation
  • Radio communication
  • Battlefield light source
  • Obstructions
  • En route data
  • Altitude changes
  • Meteorology
73
Q

The commanders considerations are:

A
  • Crew endurance
  • A/C maintenance
  • Safety
  • Environment
  • Planning cell

Army Aviation (8 decks)

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