Nigeria - NEE - case study Flashcards

Question

What are the disadvantages of shell in Nigeria to the host country (Social, Economic and Political)

Answer 1

Social,Economic and Political Oil theft and sabotage are big problems costing TNCs and the government billions Tankers transport the oil to the USA and Europe where it is refined. The profits go to abroad and not the host country (NIGERIA)

Answer 2

Nigeria was part of the British Empire and development was held back until 1960 when Nigeria gained independence Civil war between 1967 and 1970 further hampered the development Multi-ethnic and multi-faith society Three tribal groups dominate Nigeria, the Hausa in the north and Igbo and Yoruba in the south GDP is higher in the south due to oil reserves and investments Urban areas have a greater share of public services and facilities Social diversity has created a rich and varied artistic culture It has thriving music, film and literary sectors ‘Nollywood’ is the second largest film industry in the world Over 65% of Nigerians are farmers and Nigeria relies on agriculture and farming South has better physical conditions such as higher rainfall and access to oil reserves in the Niger Delta The north is semi-arid and suffers drought and desertification.

Answer 3

Emergency aid Development aid

Answer 4

Corruption in the government, and by individuals, is a major factor in loss of aid The government may divert money to be used for other purposes. For example, there are claims that aid may have been used to build up Nigeria's navy. Donors may have political influence over what happens to aid Money may be used to promote the commercial self-interest of the the donor

Answer 5

Countries may become dependent on aid and development may stall It does not always reach the people who need it due to corruption and mismanagement It is not always appropriate: large scale projects such as dams can end up creating more poverty for some people

Answer 6

Aid has benefitted many people especially through community based projects The Aduwan Health Centre in Northern Nigeria, supported by ActionAid and the World Bank, which provides vaccinations and general healthcare, particularly for mothers and babies Anti-mosquito nets provided by the organisation ‘Nets for Life’ Support for orphans and vulnerable children comes from Community Care in Nigeria, funded by USA AID Aid from the USA helps educate and protect people against AIDS/HIV The UK Department of Internationals Development has funded a health and HIV programme, providing health education in rural areas

Answer 7

The Niger Delta in southern Nigeria is one of the most polluted places on Earth Oil spills have damaged marine and land based ecosystems and polluted water supplies Fires are destroying plants, creating soil erosion, and contributing to acid rain toxic chemical discharge into drains and open sewers in cities such as Lagos and Kano. This poses considerable danger to public health and ecosystems up to 80% of Nigeria’s forests have been lost. Deforestation has led to increased soil erosion and an increase in climate change gases being released into the atmosphere. An important carbon store has been lost due to deforestation. The countryside has been lost to the construction of squatter settlements and industry. Inadequate sanitation and increased domestic and industrial waste has caused watercourses to become polluted. Urban growth has also led to a rapid increase in the amount of traffic, leading to increased air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

Answer 8

Quality of Life is used to evaluate the general well-being of individuals and societies - a qualitative measure, difficult to measure, commonly measured by HDI levels

Answer 9

Standard of living is based primarily on income and what that level of income will allow a person to buy in the way of necessities and luxury goods (REFERS to level of wealth, comfort, material good and necessities available within a certain geographical area)

Answer 10

Reliable and better paid jobs provide security and enable people to spend money on home improvements, accessing health care and education Although many people in Nigeria remain poor, especially in the rural areas of the north, a lot of people have benefited from economic development A higher disposable income to spend on food, clothes, and leisure activities Nigeria’s Human Development Index (HDI) has increased steadily since 2005 from below 0.47 to 0.539 today Improved living conditions provide better performance at work and school Adult literacy rate is estimated to be 62% among Nigerians aged above 15 years and years of schooling is 9 years an increase from 6.7 years Better quality healthcare: Easier access to doctors and better equipped hospitals increase life expectancy and reduce infant mortality Life expectancy has increased from 45.66 in 1980 to 55.02 in 2020 The number of doctors available per 1000 people is just 0.4 (UK is 3.5 doctors per 1000 mprovements to safe drinking water and sanitation increase the overall health of people In rural areas, 39% of households lack access to at least a basic water supply, while only half have access to improved sanitation and almost a third (29%) practice open defecation In urban areas 48% of people have access to basic drinking water sources, and 33 percent have access to sanitation but only 3% of people have piped water and sanitation to their homes Reliable electricity supplies that provide lighting and heating Over 70% of Nigerian’s now have a mobile phone 38% have internet access However, individual and government corruption is still a problem 60% of Nigerians live in poverty of less than US$1 a day Basic services provisions need to be a priority Ethnic and religious conflicts need to be addressed and carefully