Natural Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

What is a natural hazard

A

A natural hazard is a natural event that threatens people or has the potential to cause damage, destruction and death

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2
Q

Name the 4 types of natural hazards

A

Types of natural hazards

Tectonic (anything to do with the earth)

Atmospheric (climatic, tropical storms, weather)

Biological (anything to do with biomass, forest fires)

Geomorphological (Rock type, landslides)

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3
Q

Give examples of tectonic hazards

A

Earthquake
Avalanches
Tsunami
Landslide (due to tectonic activity)
Volcanic eruptions and ash fall

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4
Q

Give examples of atmospheric hazards

A

Tropical Storm
Drought
Tornado

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5
Q

Give example of geomorphological hazards

A

Landslides
Flooding
Mudflows

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6
Q

Give example of a biological hazards

A

Forest fires

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7
Q

Define hazard risk

A

A hazard risk is the probability or chance that a natural hazard may take place

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8
Q

Give an example of a hazard risk

A

An example of a hazard risk is living at the boundary of two tectonic plates.
This increased the hazard risk

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9
Q

Define tectonic hazard

A

A tectonic hazard is a natural hazard caused by movement of tectonic plates

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10
Q

What is a tectonic plate

A

A tectonic plate is a rigid segment of the Earth’s crust which can ‘float’ across the heavier, semi-molten rock below. Continental plates are less dense but thicker than oceanic plates

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11
Q

What is the earth made up of

A

The earth is made up of:
Crust (top layer)
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core

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12
Q

What is the crust

A

The crust is the thin, solid outer layer of the earth between 0-60km thick. It is divided up into plates which move on the mantle.

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13
Q

What is the mantle

A

The mantle is the widest section of the Earth at 2,900 km and is made up of semi-molten rock called magma. In the upper parts of the mantle, the rock is hard, but lower down the rock is soft and beginning to melt.

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14
Q

What is the outer core

A

The outer core is the layer surrounding the inner core. It is a liquid layer, also made up of iron and nickel. It is extremely hot, similar to the inner core.

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15
Q

What is the inner core

A

The inner core is in the central part of the earth. It is solid iron and nickel with temperatures of up to 5500 degrees Celsius (around same temperature as the sun)

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16
Q

What is the lithosphere

A

The crust and the upper mantle together form the lithosphere

17
Q

What is the asthenosphere

A

The very upper part of the mantle is called the asthenosphere

18
Q

Complete the sentence

The lithosphere is broken into several __________called _______, which move slowly over the mantle

A

The lithosphere is broken into several fragments called tectonic plates which move slowly over the mantle

19
Q

What is a plate margin

A

The region where two or more tectonic plates meet. It is a zone of intense seismic activity.

20
Q

State the two types of crust

A

Two types of crust:
Oceanic and Continental

21
Q

What is continental crust

A

Continental crust is the surface of the Earth’s crust found underneath large land masses

22
Q

What is oceanic crust

A

Oceanic crust is the surface of the Earth’s crust found underneath the oceans, forming the ocean floor

23
Q

State the characteristics of continental crust

A

Thick: 20-200km
It is less dense than oceanic crust
Composed mainly of granite rock
It does not get destroyed
Old: Up to 3.8 billion years old
Found under land masses or continents

24
Q

State the characteristics of Oceanic Crust

A

Thin: 5-10km
It is denser than continental crust
Formed of Basaltic rock
Sinks/subducts when it meets continental plate
Young: Usually less than 200 million years old
This is because they are destroyed at destructive plate boundaries, while continental crust are not
Oceanic crust is found underneath oceans