Nigeria

Question 1

Acephalous Societies

Answer 1

a society which lacks political leaders or hierarchies

Question 2

ACN

Answer 2

A Nigerian political party formed via the merger of the Alliance for Democracy, the Justice Party, the Advance Congress of Democrats, and several other minor political parties in September 2006. The party controls Lagos. It is regarded as a natural successor to the progressive politics more closely associated with the Action Group and Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) led by Chief Obafemi Awolowo in the First and Second Republics respectively. However, criticism of the party’s more pragmatic and less ideological political outlook associated with AG and UPN, has made many argue it is less of a worthy political heir. The Party has strong presence in the South West (5 Governors, 15 Senators and 6 State Houses), Mid-West (1 Governor) and North Central Regions (3 Senators).

Question 3

Balance of Payments

Answer 3

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Question 4

Biafra

Answer 4

Igbo peoples. Republic of Biafra, was a secessionist country in south-eastern Nigeria that existed from 30 May 1967 to 15 January 1970, taking its name from the Bight of Biafra (the Atlantic bay to its south)

Question 5

competitive oligarchy

Answer 5

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Question 6

CPC

Answer 6

Congress for Progressive Change (CPC) is a political party founded in Nigeria in 2009 in preparation for the April 2011 elections.

Question 7

ECOWAS

Answer 7

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS; French: Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, CEDEAO) is a regional group of fifteen West African countries. Founded on 28 May 1975, with the signing of the Treaty of Lagos, its mission is to promote economic integration across the region.

Question 8

Emir

Answer 8

Sanusi was named Emir of Kano in June 2014, making an outspoken government critic one of the most influential leaders in the largely Muslim north. The Emir of Kano is seen as Nigeria’s second-highest Muslim authority.

Question 9

federal character

Answer 9

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Question 10

Goodluck Jonathan

Answer 10

A Nigerian politician and the President of Nigeria from 2010 to 2015. He re-contested and lost the recently concluded Presidential election, upon which he conceded defeat in the competitive election, the first sitting Nigerian president to do so.

Question 11

Hausa-Fulani

Answer 11

A term used to refer collectively to the Hausa and Fulani people of West Africa. The two are grouped together because since the Fulani War their histories have been largely intertwined within Nigeria.

Question 12

Ibrahim Bagangida

Answer 12

A retired Nigerian Army officer who was a military ruler of Nigeria. He ruled Nigeria from 27 August 1985, when he overthrew Major General Muhammadu Buhari in a coup, until his departure from office on 27 August 1993, having annulled the elections held on June 12 that year. General Babangida was a key player in most of the military coups in Nigeria (July 1966, February 1976, December 1983, August 1985, December 1985 and April 1990). There is evidence of severe human rights abuses during his regime.

Question 13

Igbo

Answer 13

SE Nigeria. A mụrụ mmadụ nile n’ohere nakwa nha anya ugwu na ikike. E nyere ha uche na mmụọ ime ihe ziri ezi nke na ha kwesiri ịkpaso ibe ha agwa n’obi nwanne na nwanne.

Question 14

INEC

Answer 14

Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), set up in 1998, is the electoral body which was set up to oversee elections in Nigeria. The INEC has encountered several controversies in the run-up to the April 2007 general elections, including criticism about its preparedness from Sada Abubakar, Sultan of Sokoto and a dispute over its “disqualification” of Vice president Atiku Abubakar’s candidacy. The Supreme Court ruled that the INEC can not disqualify candidates, so Abubakar’s name was added to ballots at the last minute.

Question 15

Indirect Rule

Answer 15

large was left in the hands of traditional rulers, who gained prestige and the stability and protection afforded by the Pax Britannica, at the cost of losing control of their external affairs, and often of taxation, communications, and other matters, usually with a small number of European “advisors” effectively overseeing the government of large numbers of people spread over extensive areas

Question 16

IFI

Answer 16

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Question 17

Ken Saro-Wiwa

Answer 17

A Nigerian writer, television producer, environmental activist, and winner of the Right Livelihood Award and the Goldman Environmental Prize. Saro-Wiwa was a member of the Ogoni people, an ethnic minority in Nigeria whose homeland, Ogoniland, in the Niger Delta has been targeted for crude oil extraction since the 1950s and which has suffered extreme environmental damage from decades of indiscriminate petroleum waste dumping. Initially as spokesperson, and then as president, of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), Saro-Wiwa led a nonviolent campaign against environmental degradation of the land and waters of Ogoniland by the operations of the multinational petroleum industry, especially the Royal Dutch Shell company. He was also an outspoken critic of the Nigerian government, which he viewed as reluctant to enforce environmental regulations on the foreign petroleum companies operating in the area.

Question 18

MEND

Answer 18

The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) is one of the largest militant groups in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The organization claims to expose exploitation and oppression of the people of the Niger Delta and devastation of the natural environment by public-private partnerships between the Federal Government of Nigeria and corporations involved in the production of oil in the Niger Delta.

Question 19

Muhammadu Buhari

Answer 19

The President-elect of Nigeria[4] and a retired Major General in the Nigerian Army who was Head of State of Nigeria from 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985, after taking power in a military coup d’état.

Question 20

Mashood Abiola

Answer 20

آ popular Nigerian Yoruba businessman, publisher, politician and aristocrat of the Yoruba Egba clan. He ran for the presidency in 1993, and is widely regarded as the presumed winner of the inconclusive election since no official final results were announced. He died in 1998, after being denied victory when the entire election results were dubiously annulled by the preceding military president Ibrahim Babangida because of alleged evidence that they were corrupt and unfair.

Question 21

National Assembly

Answer 21

The National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a bicameral legislature established under section 4 of the Nigerian Constitution. It consists of a Senate and a 360-member House of Representatives. The body, modelled after the federal Congress of the United States, is supposed to guarantee equal representation of the states irrespective of size in the Senate and proportional representation of population in the House.

Question 22

NEEDS

Answer 22

National Planning Commission of Nigeria?

Question 23

NUPENG

Answer 23

Nigeria Union of Petroleum and Natural Gas Workers

Question 24

Olusegun Obasanjo

Answer 24

A former Nigerian Army general who was President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007. A Nigerian of Yoruba descent, Obasanjo was a career soldier before serving twice as his nation’s head of state, as a military ruler from 13 February 1976 to 1 October 1979 and as a democratically elected president from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007.

Question 25

People’s Democratic Party

Answer 25

A free-market oriented center-right political party in Nigeria. Its policies generally lie towards the centre-right of the political spectrum. It won every Presidential election between 1999 and 2011, and was until the 2015 elections, the governing party in the Fourth Republic although in some cases, amid a few controversial electoral circumstances. In the 2015 elections, the incumbent president and PDP presidential nominee, Goodluck Jonathan, was defeated by General Muhammadu Buhari of the All Progressives Congress by 55% to 45%, losing by 2.6 million votes, out of approximately 28.6 million valid votes cast. Out of Nigeria’s 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, General Muhammadu Buhari won 21 states while President Goodluck Jonathan won 15 states and the Federal Capital Territory.

Question 26

INEC

Answer 26

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Question 27

Sani Abacha

Answer 27

A Nigerian Army general and politician who served as the de facto President of Nigeria from 1993 to 1998. Abacha’s regime is controversial: although it saw dramatic economic growth, it also witnessed widespread human rights abuses.

Question 28

SAP

Answer 28

Structural Adjustment Program?

Question 29

Umaru Musa Yar’ Adua

Answer 29

the President of Nigeria and the 13th Head of State. He served as governor of Katsina State in northern Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 28 May 2007. He was declared the winner of the controversial Nigerian presidential election held on 21 April 2007, and was sworn in on 29 May 2007. He was a member of the ruling People’s Democratic Party (PDP).

Question 30

Unfinished State

Answer 30

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Question 31

Warrant Chiefs

Answer 31

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Question 32

Yoruba

Answer 32

An ethnic group of southwestern Nigeria and southern Benin in West Africa. The Yorùbá constitute over 35 million people in total; the majority of this population is from Nigeria and make up 21% of its population. Gbogbo ènìyàn ni a bí ní òmìnira; iyì àti ẹ̀tọ́ kọ̀ọ̀kan sì dọ́gba. Wọ́n ní ẹ̀bùn ti làákàyè àti ti ẹ̀rí-ọkàn, ó sì yẹ kí wọn ó máa hùwà sí ara wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọmọ ìyá.

Question 33

Kanuri

Answer 33

An African ethnic group living largely in the lands of the former Kanem and Bornu Empires: Bornu state in northeastern Nigeria, southeast Niger, western Chad and northern Cameroon.

Question 34

“military in barracks” vs “military in government”

Answer 34

Standing army vs. governing officials with military background.

Question 35

Power Holding Company

Answer 35

governs electricity.

Question 36

Sokoto Caliphate

Answer 36

An Islamic state, the most powerful in West Africa in the nineteenth century. It was founded during the Fulani War in 1809 by Usman dan Fodio. When the British took over the territory in 1903, they abolished the political authority of the Caliph and put the area under the Northern Nigeria Protectorate; however, the title of Sultan was retained. It remains an important religious position for Muslims in the region to the current day.

Question 37

Prebendalism

Answer 37

Prebendalism refers to political systems where elected officials, and government workers feel they have a right to a share of government revenues, and use them to benefit their supporters, co-religionists and members of their ethnic group. The term is commonly used to describe the patterns of corruption in Nigeria.