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COGO > ایران > Flashcards

ایران Flashcards

1
Q

Akbar Hasemi Rafsanjani

A

An influential Iranian politician and writer, who was the fourth president of Iran. He was the head of the Assembly of Experts from 2007 till 2011 when he decided not to nominate himself for the post.

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2
Q

Ali Khamenei

A

The second and current Supreme Leader of Iran and a Muslim Cleric. Ali Khamenei succeeded Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the Iranian Revolution, after Khomeini’s death, being elected as the new Supreme Leader by the Assembly of Experts on 4 June 1989. He had also served as the President of Iran from 1981 to 1989.

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3
Q

Ali Shariati

A

An Iranian revolutionary and sociologist, who focused on the sociology of religion. He is held as one of the most influential Iranian intellectuals of the 20th century and has been called the ‘ideologue of the Iranian Revolution’.

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4
Q

Assembly of Religious Experts

A

Council of Experts, is a deliberative body of Mujtahids (Islamic theologians) that is charged with electing and removing the Supreme Leader of Iran and supervising his activities.

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5
Q

Ayatollah Khomeini

A

Ruhollah, an Iranian Mujtahid , revolutionary, politician, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran as the first Islamic government in the modern age and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran who was supported by the United States. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country’s Supreme Leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. He was succeeded by Ali Khamenei.

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6
Q

Azeris

A

ethnic Azerbaijani group

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7
Q

Baha’i

A

a monotheistic religion which emphasizes the spiritual unity of all humankind

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8
Q

Basij

A

a paramilitary volunteer militia established in 1979 by order of the Islamic Revolution’s leader Ayatollah Khomeini

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9
Q

Bazaar

A

Iran

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10
Q

Bonyad

A

Bonyads are charitable trusts in Iran that play a significant role in Iran’s non-petroleum economy, controlling an estimated 20% of Iran’s GDP.

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11
Q

Civil Society

A

—

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12
Q

Constitution of 1979

A

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was adopted by referendum on October 24, 1979, and went into force on December 3 of that year, replacing the Constitution of 1906. It was amended on July 28, 1989.

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13
Q

Constitutional Revolution of 1905/09

A

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14
Q

Dual Society

A

—

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15
Q

Equality with difference

A

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16
Q

Expediency Council

A

an administrative assembly appointed by the Supreme Leader and was created upon the revision to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran on 6 February 1988

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17
Q

faqih, velayat-e-faqih

A

A faqih is an expert in Islamic Law, and, as such, the word Faqih can literally be generally translated as Jurist.

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18
Q

faqih

A

A faqih is an expert in Islamic Law, and, as such, the word Faqih can literally be generally translated as Jurist.

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19
Q

“Green Movement”

A

The Iranian Green Movement refers to a political movement that arose after the 2009 Iranian presidential election, in which protesters demanded the removal of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from office. Green was initially used as the symbol of Mir Hossein Mousavi’s campaign, but after the election it became the symbol of unity and hope for those asking for annulment of what they regarded as a fraudulent election.

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20
Q

Guardian Council

A

An appointed and constitutionally-mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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21
Q

Guardianship of the Jurist

A

A post-Age-of-Occultation theory in Shia Islam which holds that Islam gives a faqīh (Islamic jurist) custodianship over people.

22
Q

Hezbollahs

A

Hezbollah, or Party of God, (also HizbAllah or Hizbullah) is an Iranian movement formed at the time of the Iranian Revolution to assist the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his forces in consolidating power.

23
Q

Hojjat al-Islams

A

An honorific title meaning “authority on Islam” or “proof of Islam”

24
Q

imam

A

An Islamic leadership position. It is most commonly in the context of a worship leader of a mosque and Muslim community by Sunni Muslims.

25
Q

Imam Jum’ehs

A

—

26
Q

import substitution industrialization

A

A trade and economic policy which advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production. ISI is based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products.

27
Q

Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps

A

a branch of Iran’s Armed Forces, founded after the Iranian revolution on 5 May 1979. Whereas the regular military (artesh) defends Iran’s borders and maintains internal order, according to the Iranian constitution, the Revolutionary Guard (pasdaran) is intended to protect the country’s Islamic system.

28
Q

Khordad Front

A

political movement by a group of political parties and organizations in Iran who supported President Mohammad Khatami’s plans to change the system to include more freedom and democracy

29
Q

Majles

A

The Iranian Parliament or People’s House, is the national legislative body of Iran. The Parliament currently has 290 representatives, changed from the previous 272 seats since the 18 February 2000 election. The recent election took place on 2 March 2012 and the new parliament was opened on 27 May 2012

30
Q

Motalaq

A

—

31
Q

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

A

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is an Iranian politician who was the sixth President of Iran from 2005 to 2013. He was also the main political leader of the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, a coalition of conservative political groups in the country.

32
Q

Muhammad Khatami

A

Seyyed Mohammad Khatami is an Iranian scholar, Shia theologian, and Reformist politician. He served as the fifth President of Iran from 2 August 1997 to 3 August 2005. He also served as Iran’s Minister of Culture from 1982 to 1992.

33
Q

Muhammad Mosaddeq

A

Mohammad Mosaddegh or Mosaddiq, was an Iranian politician. He was the democratically elected Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 until 1953, when his government was overthrown in a coup d’état.

34
Q

National Front

A

A political opposition party founded by Mohammad Mosaddegh and other secular Iranian nationalist leaders who had been educated in France in the late 1940s

35
Q

Pasdaran

A

Revolutionary Guards

36
Q

Pahlavis

A

The dynasty was founded by Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1925, whose reign lasted until 1941 when he was forced to abdicate by the Allies after the Anglo-Soviet invasion. He was succeeded by his son, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran.

37
Q

Pahlavi Foundation

A

—

38
Q

rentier state

A

a state which derives all or a substantial portion of its national revenues from the rent of indigenous resources to external clients

39
Q

Resurgence Party

A

Rastakhiz Party (“Resurgence party”, also Hezb-e Rastakhiz) was founded on 2 March 1975 by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. The party was intended as Iran’s new single party, holding a monopoly on political activity in Iran, and to which all Iranians were required to belong. It survives today in exile as an Iranian monarchist party opposing the Islamic Republic created when the Pahlavi dynasty was overthrown.

40
Q

Retribution Law

A

LOOK UP

41
Q

qanun

A

Qanun is an Arabic word (Arabic: قانون‎) derived from the Greek κανών (kanōn, the root for the modern English word “canon”). It can refer to laws promulgated by Muslim sovereigns, in particular the Ottoman Sultans, in contrast to shari’a, the body of law elaborated by Muslim jurists.

42
Q

Qajars

A

native Iranian royal family of Turkic origin, which ruled Persia (Iran) from 1785 to 1925

43
Q

Qom

A

city

44
Q

Resource curse

A

Paradox of plenty, refers to the paradox that countries and regions with an abundance of natural resources, specifically point-source non-renewable resources like minerals and fuels, tend to have less economic growth and worse development outcomes than countries with fewer natural resources

45
Q

Safavids

A

Iranian dynasty that ruled Persia from 1501 - 1736. The Safavids descended from Sheykh Safi od-Din who led the Sufi order of Sasaviyeh in the 13th century.

46
Q

SAVAK

A

Organization of Intelligence and National Security was the secret police, domestic security and intelligence service established by Iran’s Mohammad Reza Shah

47
Q

Tudeh Party

A

1941: an Iranian communist party.

48
Q

White Revolution

A

A far-reaching series of reforms in Iran launched in 1963 by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Mohammad Reza Shah’s reform program was built especially to strengthen those classes that supported the traditional system.

49
Q

Women’s one million signature campaign

A

a campaign by women in Iran to collect one million signatures in support of changing discriminatory laws against women in their country

50
Q

worker’s house

A

he sole authorized national trade union center in Iran

51
Q

Foundation of the Oppressed

A

is a charitable bonyad, or foundation, in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the second-largest commercial enterprise in Iran behind the state-owned National Iranian Oil Company and biggest holding company in the Middle East

COGO (7 decks)

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