Россия Flashcards
A Just Russia
is a social democratic political party in Russia currently holding 64 of the 450 seats in the State Duma. It was formed on October 28, 2006, as a merger of the far-right Rodina, the Russian Party of Life and the Russian Pensioners’ Party. Later, 6 further minor parties joined.
Democratic Centralization
Democratic centralism is the name given to the deontological principles of internal organization used by Leninist political parties, and the term is sometimes used as a synonym for any Leninist policy inside a political party. The democratic aspect of this organizational method describes the freedom of members of the political party to discuss and debate matters of policy and direction, but once the decision of the party is made by majority vote, all members are expected to uphold that decision. This latter aspect represents the centralism.
Demokratizatsiya
slogan introduced by General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in January 1987 calling for the infusion of “democratic” elements into the Soviet Union’s single-party government.
Dmitry Medvedev
is the tenth Prime Minister of Russia, incumbent since 2012. He previously served as the third President of Russia, from 2008 to 2012. When he took office at the age of 42, he was the youngest of the three Russian Presidents who have served.
Dominant Party
United Russia (Russian: Еди́ная Росси́я; Yedinaya Rossiya) is the current ruling political party in Russia. It is the largest party in the Russian Federation, currently holding 238 (or 52.89%) of the 450 seats in the State Duma.
Federal Assembly
the national legislature of the Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of Russian Federation (1993). It was preceded by the Congress of People’s Deputies of the Russian Federation and its Supreme Soviet.
Federal System
the framework of a federal semi-presidential republic. According to the Constitution of Russia, the President of Russia is head of state, and of a multi-party system with executive power exercised by the government, headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President with the parliament’s approval. Legislative power is vested in the two houses of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, while the President and the government issue numerous legally binding by-laws.
Federal Council
the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (the parliament of the Russian Federation), according to the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. Each of the 85 federal subjects of Russia – consisting of 22 republics, 46 oblasts, nine krais, three federal cities, four autonomous okrugs, and one autonomous oblast – sends two senators to the Council, for a total membership of 170 Councillors.
Liberal Democratic Party
is a far-right political party in the Russian Federation. The charismatic and controversial Vladimir Zhirinovsky has led the party since its founding in 1991.
Mafia
Bratva (brothers, brotherhood), is a term used to refer to the collective of various organized crime elements originating in the former Soviet Union. Although not a singular criminal organization, most of the individual groups share similar goals and organizational structures
Nikita Khrushchev
a Russian politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. Khrushchev’s party colleagues removed him from power in 1964, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as Premier.
Nomenklatura/+elite
were a category of people within the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries who held various key administrative positions in all spheres of those countries’ activity: government, industry, agriculture, education, etc., whose positions were granted only with approval by the communist party of each country or region.
Perestroika
was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s (1986), widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning “openness”) policy reform.
Politburo
was the highest policy-making government authority under the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It was founded in October 1917, and refounded in March 1919, at the 8th Congress of the Bolshevik Party; later, the Politburo was known as the Presidium from 1952 to 1966, functioned as the central policymaking and governing body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The existence of the Politburo ended in 1991 with the breakup of the Soviet Union.
Power Vertical
diverse variety of informal political groups emerged during the presidency of Vladimir Putin. They include remnants of the so-called Yeltsin Family, Saint Petersburg lawyers and economists, and security-intelligence elements called the siloviki.
Privatization Voucher
Voucher privatization is a privatization method where citizens are given or can inexpensively buy a book of vouchers that represent potential shares in any state-owned company. Voucher privatization has mainly been used in the early to mid-1990s in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe - countries such as Russia, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Czechoslovakia.
Proportional Rep.
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Pyramid Debt
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Power Vertical
Putin organization system….
Privatization Voucher
took place between 1992-1994 and roughly 98 percent of the population participated. The vouchers, each corresponding to a share in the national wealth, were distributed equally among the population, including minors. They could be exchanged for shares in the enterprises to be privatized.
