Nigeria

Question 1

Where is Nigeria

Answer 1

• west Africa
• recently experienced development to become an emerging country

Question 2

Facts about Nigeria

Answer 2

• highest gdp in Africa
• 7th largest population in the world
• has a large scale of oil

Question 3

What about the rest of Nigeria?

Answer 3

• culture
  = second largest film industry in the world (nollywood)
• politics
  = contributed military to many UN peacekeeping
• world’s 21st largest economy
• supplies 2.7% of the world’s oil

Question 4

Measures of qualities of life

Answer 4

• life expectancy
  =54 years
• literacy rates
  = 65.1%
  = only one in three go to school

Question 5

TNCs

Answer 5

Most influential TNC is oil
- Nigeria has its own TNC (transcorp) that provides hospitality services across the globe

Question 6

Advantage of TNCs

Answer 6

• TNCs can invest in new production and mining sites
  = more jobs

Question 7

Disadvantage about TNCs

Answer 7

• oil spills devastated swamps and ecosystems
  = industry caused toxic chemicals to be released in open sewers
  = risk human health
  = Niger River has regular oil spills
  = affect environment and local residents

Question 8

Describe Christian aid scheme

Answer 8

• protecting displaced Nigerians who had to leave due to violence
• support people with HIV
• treat 200,000 children under 5 with malaria

Question 9

Describe action aid scheme

Answer 9

• encourage girls to go to school by building girls toilets and sanitary products so they don’t miss school because of their period
• pressuring TNCs to pay their taxes so government can invest in communities

Question 10

Influences on Nigeria’s development

Answer 10

• industrial structures
  = 50% of economy now manufacturing and services
  = increasing foreign investment
• cultural
  = nollywood

Question 11

Aid in Nigeria

Answer 11

• receive $5billion aid each year
• action aid
• some aid doesn’t reach all areas due to corruption

Question 12

Effects of development

Answer 12

• life expectancy increased from 43 to 56
• 64% have access to clean water

Question 13

What have SHELL done

Answer 13

• 90% staff Nigerian
• 65000 directly employed
• 250000 employed
• support 3000 scholarships

Question 14

How is SHELL helping development

Answer 14

• Helps to export $45 billion in crude oil to HICs every year
  = This generates significant employment
  = Standards of living rise, and Multiplier effect develops
  = New businesses form to support SHELL

Question 15

Social benefits

Answer 15

• access to safe water increased from 46% to 64%
• 70% of people have mobiles

Question 16

Social challenges

Answer 16

• relies on international aid to support people health eg mosquito nets and action aid
• oil has led to social unrest, theft, violent crime

Question 17

Environmental challenges of development

Answer 17

• in 2015 SHELL paid 15 million to Bodo Delta to pay for schools etc
• in Kano people pour chemicals into open drains and water channels
• traffic increased
• in 2018 SHELL spilled 11 million gallons of oil into the Bodo Delta
  = fishermen lost jobs
• 80% of Nigeria’s forests have been destroyed through logging etc

Question 18

How is trade not helping development in Nigeria

Answer 18

• Exporting crude oil means Nigeria loses additional income from refining it into different products
• Shell use refineries in HICs (South Africa) rather than refining it in Nigeria
  = Limits industrial growth in Nigeria
  = Leads them to become dependent on shell as Nigeria’s imports expensive oil products leading to a risk of trade deficit

Question 19

Development strategies

Answer 19

Intermediate technology
= using equipment and techniques that are suitable for people in LICs to use
= simple tech, cheap and easy to use

Question 20

Migrants

Answer 20

9000 migrants left Nigeria in 2014 to escape poverty and earn money to send back to their families