Nigeria Flashcards
Where is Nigeria
- west Africa
- recently experienced development to become an emerging country
Facts about Nigeria
- highest gdp in Africa
- 7th largest population in the world
- has a large scale of oil
What about the rest of Nigeria?
- culture
= second largest film industry in the world (nollywood) - politics
= contributed military to many UN peacekeeping - world’s 21st largest economy
- supplies 2.7% of the world’s oil
Measures of qualities of life
- life expectancy
=54 years - literacy rates
= 65.1%
= only one in three go to school
TNCs
Most influential TNC is oil
- Nigeria has its own TNC (transcorp) that provides hospitality services across the globe
Advantage of TNCs
- TNCs can invest in new production and mining sites
= more jobs
Disadvantage about TNCs
- oil spills devastated swamps and ecosystems
= industry caused toxic chemicals to be released in open sewers
= risk human health
= Niger River has regular oil spills
= affect environment and local residents
Describe Christian aid scheme
- protecting displaced Nigerians who had to leave due to violence
- support people with HIV
- treat 200,000 children under 5 with malaria
Describe action aid scheme
- encourage girls to go to school by building girls toilets and sanitary products so they don’t miss school because of their period
- pressuring TNCs to pay their taxes so government can invest in communities
Influences on Nigeria’s development
- industrial structures
= 50% of economy now manufacturing and services
= increasing foreign investment - cultural
= nollywood
Aid in Nigeria
- receive $5billion aid each year
- action aid
- some aid doesn’t reach all areas due to corruption
Effects of development
- life expectancy increased from 43 to 56
- 64% have access to clean water
What have SHELL done
- 90% staff Nigerian
- 65000 directly employed
- 250000 employed
- support 3000 scholarships
How is SHELL helping development
- Helps to export $45 billion in crude oil to HICs every year
= This generates significant employment
= Standards of living rise, and Multiplier effect develops
= New businesses form to support SHELL
Social benefits
- access to safe water increased from 46% to 64%
- 70% of people have mobiles
Social challenges
- relies on international aid to support people health eg mosquito nets and action aid
- oil has led to social unrest, theft, violent crime
Environmental challenges of development
- in 2015 SHELL paid 15 million to Bodo Delta to pay for schools etc
- in Kano people pour chemicals into open drains and water channels
- traffic increased
- in 2018 SHELL spilled 11 million gallons of oil into the Bodo Delta
= fishermen lost jobs - 80% of Nigeria’s forests have been destroyed through logging etc
How is trade not helping development in Nigeria
- Exporting crude oil means Nigeria loses additional income from refining it into different products
- Shell use refineries in HICs (South Africa) rather than refining it in Nigeria
= Limits industrial growth in Nigeria
= Leads them to become dependent on shell as Nigeria’s imports expensive oil products leading to a risk of trade deficit
Development strategies
Intermediate technology
= using equipment and techniques that are suitable for people in LICs to use
= simple tech, cheap and easy to use
Migrants
9000 migrants left Nigeria in 2014 to escape poverty and earn money to send back to their families
