London

Question 1

Importance of London

Answer 1

• 220,000 jobs in leisure and tourism
• 6.6 million tourists per year
• 63% children have access to education
• 110,000 students attend uni in London

Question 2

How does London benefit from immigration

Answer 2

• 58% of commuters to London have degrees
• 29% more productive if working in city

Question 3

Solutions to growing waste problem in London

Answer 3

Anaerobic digestion
= processes up to 35,000 tonnes of food waste collected from local houses etc
= then combusted into two gas engines
= generate enough renewable energy to power 2000 homes

Question 4

Describe the importance of managing transport as part of urban sustainability

Answer 4

Promoting public transport will reduce congestion
= lower emissions and better air quality
= benefits for health and therefore making cities more ‘liveable’. When people want to live in cities the population can be sustained without outflow to the suburbs, particularly of families with children.

Reduction in traffic, eg 45% less traffic and 25% fewer accidents in Singapore as a result of their policies
= reduce frustration for drivers and make cities safer, thus reducing stress for people travelling.

Question 5

Effects of international migration

Answer 5

To see attractions like St Paul’s cathedral
Lots of different foods
Cultural diversity

Racism
Low paid jobs due to limited speaking of English Language barrier

Question 6

Opportunities of urban change

Answer 6

Urban greening = 47% of land in London is green space
= There are 8.1 million trees, 13,000 species live here, 30,000 allotments and room to exercise in the parks

Integrated transport systems improving = Cross Rail is being developed to bring an extra 200 million journeys, less Co2, 1.5 million within a 45min journey and properties along the network will rise by 25%

Question 7

Challenges of urban growth

Answer 7

High urban deprivation e.g. Life expectancy in Chelsea is 90, whereas it is 78 in Newham
= also shows healthcare,
House prices have increased
37% of residents are not of white British origin
= can cause racial issues
Inequalities in education – in Chelsea 82% of children leave with 5 A*-C GCSE’S whereas in Newham only 60% do

Question 8

Describe Londons waste management

Answer 8

24% of London’s waste goes into landfill sites. This might be good because it is out of site, but it produces methane that contributes to greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

61% of London’s waste is recycled into glass, paper and food waste. The government has a target of zero waste going into landfill by 2030

Question 9

Environmental challenges to urban growth

Answer 9

Waste management issues
= 24% waste taken to landfills
= releases methane
Urban sprawl
= destroy green fields to build houses and shops etc

Question 10

How many engineers involved in crossrail

Answer 10

Over 1000

Question 11

How expensive crossrail

Answer 11

Over £18 billion

Question 12

Advantages of London crossrail plans

Answer 12

• build 10 new stations
• only take 28 mins from Heathrow to London city centre
• will add £42 billion to UK economy
• make it easier to travel and do business in London and south east
• reduce congestion and link business districts
• bring 1.5 million extra people to London within 45 minutes
• support 55000 full time jobs in country
• allow access to disabled with no steps for, platform to street level
• raise property values along route by 25%