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History- Russia > Nicholas II > Flashcards

Nicholas II Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Nicholas’ attitude towards reform?

A

Turned his back to it and ran a very repressive government

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2
Q

Who was an incredibly influential minister for Nicholas?

A

Pobodonostev

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3
Q

What was the tigger for the 1905 revolution?

A

Bloody Sunday- where a crowd of 15,000 peaceful protestors led by Father Gapon where shot at by police, killing around 1,000

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4
Q

What were the key events of the 1905 Revolution?

A

. Bloody Sunday
. Widespread strikes
. Grand Duke Sergei assassinated
. Kadets formed (Milyukov leader)
. Mutiny on Battleship Potemkin
. Signing of the October Manifesto

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5
Q

What was the effect of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)?

A

Russia suffered a humiliating defeat, which was internationally humiliating and evidenced the incompetence of the government.

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6
Q

How many workers were on strike at the height of 1905?

A

Up to 2 million

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7
Q

What were the terms of the October Manifesto?

A

An elected Duma to advise the Tsar and have a say in State Policy

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8
Q

When was the All-Zemstvo Organisation established?

A

1896 by Shipov

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9
Q

What happened in 1898?

A

First congress of the Social Democratic Party (later to become the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks) in Minsk. Only 9 delegates present and no minutes taken, broken up by Okhrana agents.

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10
Q

When did Lenin write “What is to be Done”?

A

1902- Promoting a proletarian revolution

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11
Q

What did Nicholas declare in 1906?

A

The Fundamental Laws, which undermined the authority of the Duma by giving the Tsar the power of veto over their legislations and to dissolve them at any time

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12
Q

Which Duma was the most effective?

A

The 4th, passed 2,500 laws including social reforms such as health insurance for workers

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13
Q

Who was the first Prime Minister of Russia?

A

Witte: 1905-1906

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14
Q

Who replaced Witte as Prime Minister?

A

Stolypin: 1906-1911

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15
Q

What were Stolypin’s policies?

A

Tried to introduce Land Reform for the Peasants:
. Introduced the Peasant Land Bank which allowed Peasants to buy and sell land
. Private ownership amongst peasants increased from 20% in 1906 to 50% in 1915

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16
Q

What was grain production like under Nicholas?

A

Annual production of grain increased from 55 million tonnes in 1900 to 90 million tonnes in 1913

17
Q

How did Stolypin die?

A

Assassinated by anti-monarchist Dmitry Bogrov

18
Q

What was the state of the peasantry under Nicholas?

A

Only 10% of peasant farms were economically viable by 1914

19
Q

When were Redemption Payments cancelled?

A

1907

20
Q

When was Rasputin assassinated?

A

1916

21
Q

When was the consequence of the World Economic Depression?

A

A huge recession in Russia between 1900-1905, which hit heavy industry especially hard

22
Q

What was economic growth like under Nicholas?

A

. Number of banks grew from 1146 in 1908 to 2393 in 1914
. State revenue increased from 2 billion roubles in 1908 to 4 billion roubles in 1914

23
Q

What was the growth in railways like?

A

33,000 miles of track in 1900 to 43,000 miles in 1913.
Opening of the Trans-Siberian Railway in 1904

24
Q

What happened in 1908?

A

There was an industrial boom in Russia

25
Q

What was Russia’s industrial growth like?

A

Between 1908-1913, Russia experienced an industrial growth rate of 8.5% per anum

26
Q

What was the development of heavy industry like?

A

By 1914, Russia was the world’s fourth largest producer of coal, pig iron and steel

27
Q

What was the growth of pig iron production?

A

3 million tonnes in 1910 to 5 million tonnes in 1913

28
Q

What was the growth of coal production?

A

16 million tonnes in 1910 to 36 million tonnes in 1913

29
Q

What was Russia’s industry like by 1914?

A

By 1914, Russia was the world’s fifth largest industrial power and the GDP had grown by 96.8% between 1898-1913

30
Q

What was the population growth in cities like?

A

The population of St Petersburg doubled between 1900-1914

31
Q

What were living conditions in cities like?

A

. Extreme overcrowding
. Lack of adequate housing (some housed up to 7 people in a room)
. 40% of houses had no sewage systems

32
Q

How many people died in the Cholera outbreak between 1908-09

A

over 30,000

33
Q

When was the Lena Goldfield’s Massacre

A

1912

34
Q

What condition did Nicholas’ son suffer from that Rasputin claimed to heal?

A

Haemophilia

History- Russia (8 decks)

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