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History- Russia > Khrushchev > Flashcards

Khrushchev Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the period of “Silent Destalinisation”?

A

1953-56

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2
Q

When did Khrushchev make his Secret Speech?

A

At the 20th Party Congress in February 1956

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3
Q

How many people read the Secret Speech on first day?

A

20-25 million people

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4
Q

How many prisoners were released during Silent Destalinisation?

A

7,000

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5
Q

How many prisoners were released in the 10 months after the Secret Speech?

A

617,000

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6
Q

What was party expansion like under Khrushchev?

A

Party membership expanded from 7 million in 1956 to 11 million in 1964

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7
Q

What happened in 1962?

A

Khrushchev split the party into urban and rural sections at all levels

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8
Q

What was “Decentralisation”

A

Dismantling Stalin’s policy of centralised control of the country and re-distributing power

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9
Q

What was “Democratisation”

A

Re-introducing a principle of democracy and reducing censorship slightly

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10
Q

When was the Hungarian Uprising?

A

1953

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11
Q

How did Khrushchev respond to the Hungarian Uprising?

A

He crushed it brutally, resulting in 22,000 Hungarian casulties

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12
Q

Who made up the “Anti-Party Group”?

A

Hardliners such as Molotov, Kaganovich and Koroshilov who strongly opposed the Secret Speech

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13
Q

How did Khrushchev deal with political opposition?

A

Usually demoted or expelled from the Party, rather than shot

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14
Q

How did Khrushchev decentralise the economy?

A

. Between 1954-55, 11,000 enterprises were transferred from central to republican control
. In May 1957, 105 regional councils were established to replace Central Economic Ministries

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15
Q

When were MTS abolished?

A

1958

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16
Q

What was the Virgin Lands Campaign?

A

More than 300,000 Komsomol volunteers were mobilised to cultivate 35.9 million acres of virgin land

17
Q

What were the successes of the Virgin Lands Campaign?

A

In 1956, the harvest was the largest in Soviet History, with 125 million tonnes of grain produced. Over half came from the newly cultivated regions

18
Q

What were the failures of the Virgin Lands Campaign?

A

Crop yields never reached as high as 1956 again and by 1963, the grain harvest was disastrous due to the infertility of the soil

19
Q

What was the Maize Obsession?

A

85 million acres of maize was planted in an effort to increase the amount of livestock that Russia could rear.

20
Q

What was the result of the Maize Obsession?

A

Only 1/6 of the corn planted was harvested ripe

21
Q

What was the 7 Year Plan?

A

A programme for industrial growth, Khrushchev wanted rapid expansion of chemical industry in order to provide more mineral fertilisers for agriculture.

22
Q

What was industrial growth like under Khrushchev?

A

. Overall industrial progress was impressive and there was a major increase in consumer goods.
. However, growth rates suffered due to the huge expense of the space and missile programmes
. By 1963-4, growth fell to the lowest during peace time

23
Q

When was the first successful test of an ICBM?

A

August 1957

24
Q

Who was the first man in space and when?

A

Yuri Gagarin- 1961

25
Q

What was education like under Khrushchev?

A

The number of students in higher education almost trebled and in 1958, the secondary school leaving age was increased from 14 to 15

26
Q

How did Khrushchev improve living conditions?

A

. In 1957, he launched a programme to end the housing shortage. The annual rate of housing construction doubled between 1956-67 and 108 million people moved into the new apartments.
. The number of doctors and hospital beds rose significantly

27
Q

How did Khrushchev improve working conditions?

A

In 1956, the minimum wage rose sharply and there was a major increase in the pension scheme.
A 7 hour working day was introduced in 1960

28
Q

When was the New Party Programme?

A

1961

29
Q

What was the New Party Programme?

A

Khrushchev expressed a desire to move from socialism to “true communism”, which he predicted would be a chieved by 1980

30
Q

What was Khrushchev’s attitude to religion?

A

He had a spirit of “militant atheism” and between 1959-64, 3/4 of all Christian churches and monasteries were closed down

31
Q

What was Tamizdat?

A

Evading Soviet censorship by publishing works abroad

32
Q

What was Samizdat?

A

Illegally copying dissident works by hand

33
Q

What was “Syntaxis”?

A

A dissident samizdat poetry magazine run by Alexander Ginsburg

34
Q

When did Boris Pasternak win the Nobel Prize for Literature?

A

1958

35
Q

When was Krushchev deposed?

A

1964

History- Russia (8 decks)

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