NHS

Question 1

NHS origins

Answer 1

• 1911 national insurance act = protects working people against loss of income
• 1942 beveridge report = origins of the welfare state, tackled the 5 giants (ignorance, squalor, disease, want, idleness)
• 1946 national health service act - made healthcare universally free (created the welfare state) “free at the point of care” “from cradle to grave”
• 1980s reforms = transformed NHS to seperate organisations with connected but seperate units

Question 2

health and social care act 2012

Answer 2

brought about huge reforms to the NHS - changed from tripartite system (hospital, primary care, community care) to a unified system
- changed primary care trusts (PCTs) to clinical commissioning groups (CCGs)

Question 3

health and care act 2022

Answer 3

replaced CCGs with integrated care groups (ICGs) - brought the NHS together and combined responsibility

Question 4

national health service and community care act 1990

Answer 4

established NHS internal market
- turned providers into trusts with their own boards
- established a purchase-provider system with GPs and trusts

Question 5

NHS devolution

Answer 5

• scotland, wales and northern ireland deviated from the english NHS model
• combines authorities have authority of their own NHS budgets

Question 6

current NHS issues

Answer 6

• financial crisis
• strikes
• impact of covid
• ageing society (52% increase in over 65s since 1981)

Question 7

QALY

Answer 7

quality adjusted life years
- not every year of life is equal
- determines health proirities

Question 8

bed-blocking

Answer 8

where someone can be discharged but they have to stay as there are no other care options