Newtons Laws of Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Newton’s First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)?

A

An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

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2
Q

What practical example demonstrates Newton’s First Law of Motion?

A

The use of seatbelts in a car. When brakes are applied, the car stops, but without a seatbelt, the passenger continues moving forward due to inertia.

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3
Q

What is inertia?

A

Inertia is the property of an object to resist changes in its motion. It is directly proportional to the object’s mass.

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4
Q

How does friction affect motion?

A

Friction opposes the motion of objects, causing them to decelerate.

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5
Q

What is Newton’s Second Law of Motion?

A

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. (F = ma)

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6
Q

How is force related to acceleration according to Newton’s Second Law?

A

Force is directly proportional to acceleration. Increasing the force increases the acceleration.

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7
Q

Provide a practical example of Newton’s Second Law of Motion.

A

A 1200 kg car accelerating at 5 m/s² generates a force of 6000 N.

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8
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law of Motion?

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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9
Q

How does Newton’s Third Law apply to motion?

A

When one object exerts a force on another, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.

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10
Q

What is the Law of Universal Gravitation?

A

Every two objects in the universe attract each other with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

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11
Q

What is static friction?

A

Static friction is the force that resists the initiation of motion between two stationary objects.

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12
Q

What is kinetic friction?

A

Kinetic friction is the force that opposes the motion of two objects sliding against each other.

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13
Q

How does static friction compare to kinetic friction?

A

Static friction is usually greater than kinetic friction, meaning it requires more force to start moving an object than to keep it moving.

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14
Q

How can you calculate the magnitude of static friction?

A

The magnitude of static friction (fs(max)) can be calculated using the formula: (fs(max) = \mu_s \times N), where ( \mu_s ) is the coefficient of static friction and ( N ) is the normal force.

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15
Q

How can you calculate the magnitude of kinetic friction?

A

The magnitude of kinetic friction (fk) can be calculated using the formula: ( fk = \mu_k \times N ), where ( \mu_k ) is the coefficient of kinetic friction and ( N ) is the normal force.

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16
Q

What factors affect the coefficient of static friction?

A

The coefficient of static friction is affected by the properties of the surfaces in contact, the surface features, the presence of lubricants, and the normal force.

17
Q

What happens to an object’s motion if the forces acting on it are balanced?

A

If the forces acting on an object are balanced, the object remains stationary or continues moving at a constant velocity.

18
Q

How does friction influence the design of fastening devices like screws and nails?

A

Frictional forces keep fastening devices like screws and nails in place once they are secured, making them effective for holding objects together.

19
Q

Why is a low coefficient of friction desirable in certain applications, such as joints in the human body?

A

A low coefficient of friction is desirable in applications like joints to reduce wear and allow for smooth, easy movement.

20
Q

What is the role of biolubrication in the human body?

A

Biolubrication reduces friction in joints, aiding smooth movement and preventing damage or irritation to tissues.