Electricty Flashcards
Components of an Atom
Protons (positive), Neutrons (neutral), Electrons (negative).
Movement of Electrons
Electrons are located on the outer edges of atoms and can be moved, creating a net negative or positive charge.
Static Electricity
The build-up of an electric charge on the surface of an object, which does not flow and is a form of potential energy.
Static Discharge
The loss of static electricity due to friction, conduction, or induction.
Electric Current
The flow of electrons from one place to another, measured in amperes (amps), representing kinetic energy.
Circuits
A path for the flow of electrons, controlled using wires.
Direct Current (DC)
Electrons flow in the same direction within a wire.
Alternating Current (AC)
Electrons flow in different directions within a wire.
Series Circuit
Components are lined up along one path; if the circuit is broken, all components turn off.
Parallel Circuit
There are several branching paths; if the circuit is broken at any one branch, only that branch’s components turn off.
Conductors
Materials through which electric current flows easily (e.g., metal, water).
Insulators
Materials through which electric current cannot move (e.g., Styrofoam, rubber, plastic).
Resistance
Opposition to the flow of an electric current, producing heat. Measured in ohms, and influenced by material, thickness, length, and temperature of the wire.
Voltage
The measure of energy given to the charge flowing in a circuit, driving force through the circuit.
Ohm’s Law
Resistance (Ohms) = Voltage (Volts) / Current (Amps).
