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P.E Biomechanics > Newton's Laws of Linear Motion > Flashcards

Newton's Laws of Linear Motion Flashcards

1
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

An object will not change its motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

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2
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

Force = Mass x Acceleration (F=MA)

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3
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

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4
Q

Which law is the law of Inertia?

A

Newton’s 1st law.

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5
Q

Which law is the law of Acceleration?

A

Newton’s 2nd law.

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6
Q

Which law is the law of Action and Reaction?

A

Newton’s 3rd law.

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7
Q

Which of Newton’s laws is applied here:

A golf ball will sit on its tee until a large enough force is applied to move it.

A

Newton’s 1st law.

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8
Q

What are Newton’s three laws of linear motion?

A

1 - Law of inertia
2 - Law of acceleration
3 - Law of action and reaction

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9
Q

Which law does this statement describe?

‘An object will not change its motion unless acted in by an unbalanced force.’

A

1st law

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10
Q

What is meant by impulse?

A

The amount of time you are in contact with an object.

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11
Q

Which of Newton’s laws is applied here:

The sprinter applying force into the ground will receive the same force exerted back on them.

A

Newton’s 3rd law.

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12
Q

Which of Newton’s laws is being described here:

The QB is stationary in the pocket and is hit backwards by a DL who brakes the line of scrimmage.

A

The 1st Law.

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13
Q

What is the equation for impulse?

A

F(Δt)

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14
Q

Which of Newton’s laws is being described here:

The RB is running and the force that he exerts into the ground is also exerted on him from the ground.

A

The 3rd Law.

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15
Q

What is the equation for Force?

A 
F = MA
Force = Mass x Acceleration
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16
Q

Which of Newton’s laws is being described here:

During kicking, the mass of the ball is constant so the acceleration determines the force.

A

The 2nd Law.

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17
Q

What is meant by inertia?

A

The reluctance of the body to move or change its state of motion​.

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18
Q

If two rugby players (one light and one heavy) are running at the same speed, which will be harder to tackle?

A

The larger, heavier player will be more difficult than the smaller, lighter player​ as he has a greater inertia.

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19
Q

What is the relationship between the size of an object and the size of its inertia?

A

The bigger the mass of an object the harder it is to move and therefore the greater the quantity of inertia.

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20
Q

Is the following statement scalar or vector:

A car is travelling at 30mph in a north-easterly direction​.

A

Vector, this is because we have information on its magnitude and its direction​.

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21
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

A quantity which is fully described by magnitude (size) alone.

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22
Q

T / F:

The greater the matter, the bigger the mass.

A

True.

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23
Q

Compare the mass of a shot putt and a table tennis ball.

A

A shot putt has a greater mass than a table tennis ball as it is greater in density and volume

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24
Q

Is the following statement scalar or vector:

A car is travelling at 30mph.

A

Scalar as it gives us information on the magnitude (or speed) of the car, but no info on direction​.

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25
Q

What is meant by mass?

A

Mass is the quantity of matter a body possesses.

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26
Q

What is meant by weight?

A

Weight is the force exerted on the mass of the body by gravity​

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27
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A quantity which is fully described by both magnitude and a direction

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28
Q

Is weight a scalar of vector quantity?

A

Vector quantity as weight always acts downwards and has a magnitude.

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29
Q

How is weight measured?

A

Newtons (N).

30
Q

Is mass a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Scalar quantity as no direction.

31
Q

What happens to a persons mass and weight as they go from earth to the moon?

A

Your mass remains the same, but the weight is 1/6th as the gravity of the moon is 1/6th that of earth.

32
Q

How is mass measured?

A

Grams (g) or Kilograms (Kg).

33
Q

What is distance?

A

The amount of ground an object covers during its motion​.

34
Q

T / F:

Mass of an object always remains the same at any place.

A

True.

35
Q

Is distance a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Scalar.

36
Q

Compare the distance and displacement of a 400m track runner.

A 
Distance = 400m.
Displacement = 0m.
37
Q

Is speed a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Scalar.

38
Q

Is displacement a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Vector.

39
Q

What is displacement?

A

How far the position of the object has changed as a result of the motion.

40
Q

How is distance measured?

A

Metres (m).

41
Q

What is velocity?

A

The rate of change of displacement.

42
Q

What is the calculation for speed?

A

Speed = Distance / Time

43
Q

Is velocity a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Vector.

44
Q

What is speed?

A

The rate of change in distance.
or
The body’s movement per unit of time and no direction​.

45
Q

What is the calculation for velocity?

A

Displacement / Time

46
Q

How is speed measured?

A

ms^-1

47
Q

How is velocity measured?

A

ms^-1

48
Q

How is displacement measured?

A

Metres (m).

49
Q

Give a sporting example of when distance and displacement are the same.

A

100metre dash in a straight line.

50
Q

Give a sporting example of when distance and displacement are different.

A

1 mile track run:

1 mile distance and 0m displacement.

51
Q

What is momentum?

A

The product of the mass and velocity of an object.

52
Q

What is the calculation for momentum?

A

Momentum = Mass x Velocity

53
Q

What is the calculation for change in velocity?

A

(Final velocity - Initial velocity) / Time

54
Q

Give a sporting example from a team game where acceleration is an important quantity.

A

Rugby -> Lose a defender.
Hockey -> Mark an attacker.
Football -> Chase a loose ball.
Cricket -> Field a boundary.

55
Q

How is acceleration calculated?

A

Acceleration = Change in velocity / Time

56
Q

If a prop has a mass of 125kg and is running with a velocity of 10.0 m/s, what is the momentum of the prop running?

A

1250kgm/s

125kgx10.0m/s

57
Q

When can momentum be conserved?

A

When the object is in flight as neither mass nor velocity can be altered (unless acted on by an external force).

58
Q

What is the measurement for momentum?

A

Kgm/s

59
Q

When chipping in golf, when is momentum conserved?

A

When the ball is in flight, the mass and velocity cannot be altered.

60
Q

Is momentum a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Vector:

The calculation uses velocity which is a vector quantity itself.

61
Q

T / F:

Momentum can be conserved.

A

True - it can be conserved when it is in flight.

62
Q

What is the measurement for acceleration?

A

m/s^2

63
Q

How is force calculated?

A

F = mass x acceleration

64
Q

When does friction force occur?

A

When a solid surface of a body moves while in contact with the solid surface of another body.

65
Q

Is force a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Force is a vector.

66
Q

What is air resistance?

A

The force acting in the opposite direction to the motion of a body travelling through air.

67
Q

Which force opposes acceleration? (not decceleration)

A

Air resistance.

68
Q

Ashleigh starts running on the starting pistol. She runs the 100 metres in 12 seconds. How fast was Ashleigh?

A

8.33 m/s.

69
Q

Bill starts running from the 25 metre mark. He reaches the finish line (100m line) in 15 seconds. How fast was Bill?

A

5 m/s.

70
Q

Dennis runs the full 100 metres at 11 metres per second. He started running at the sound of the staring pistol. How long did it take Dennis?

A

9.09 s.

71
Q

Elliot started running at the starting pistol at 8 metres per second, but gave up after 7 seconds. How far did Elliot run?

A

56 m.

P.E Biomechanics (5 decks)

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