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P.E Biomechanics > Centre of Mass > Flashcards

Centre of Mass Flashcards

1
Q

What will happen to the centre of mass if an object has a uniform shape and density?

A

The centre of mass will be at the centre of the object.

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2
Q

What is a concentric force?

A

When a force is applied through the centre of mass of a body.

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3
Q

What happens with an object at a unstable equilibrium?

A

It tilts and then falls over.

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4
Q

What is true when an object is in equilibrium?

A

All the forces acting on them are balanced; the sum of all the linear forces equals zero and the sum or all turning forces equals zero.

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5
Q

In which state does the body tend to return to its original position after being disturbed?

A

A stable equilibrium.

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6
Q

What will happen if a force is applied to an object in equilibrium what will happen?

A

It will either tilt, tip over or roll.

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7
Q

Which state of motion is is this:

An object such as a ball is applied pressure to and when moved, it rolls.

A

Neutral equilibrium.

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8
Q

What happens with an object at a stable equilibrium?

A

It tilts and then falls back into the original position.

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9
Q

Angular motion is caused by which type of force?

A

Eccentric force.

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10
Q

The ability to maintain balance under unfavourable circumstances is dependent on which factors?

A
  • Size of base of support.
  • Relation of the line of gravity to the base of support.
  • Height of the centre of mass.
  • Mass during movement.
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11
Q

What will happen if an eccentric force is applied to a body?

A

Then the body will rotate when it moves, the rotation will be around the centre of mass.

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12
Q

What must happen to maintain equilibrium?

A

The centre of mass must remain within the base of support to maintain equilibrium.

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13
Q

If an eccentric force is applied to a body, angular motion will occur - what is this?

A

The object will rotate around the centre of mass when it moves.

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14
Q

Does a wide or narrow base of support make stability easier?

A

Wide base, because it becomes eaiser to keep the centre of mass within the base of support.

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15
Q

What will happen if a concentric force is applied to a body?

A

Then the body will move in a straight line, causing linear motion.

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16
Q

Which state of motion is is this:

A shoe box is resting on its largest side and is lifted slightly then dropped?

A

Stable equilibrium, it will move back to its original position because it is in stable equilibrium.

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17
Q

What happens with an object at a neutral equilibrium?

A

It rolls.

18
Q

What is an eccentric force?

A

When a force does not pass through the centre of mass of a body.

19
Q

In gymnastics, is it easier to maintain balance during a headstand or a handstand and why?

A

A headstand because it has a larger base of support, the head and two hands rather than only the head.

20
Q

Which type of equilibrium will the same force create the largest displacement in?

A

Unstable equilibrium.

21
Q

What is the difference between a concentric and eccentric force?

A

A concentric force is applied through the centre of mass whilst an eccentric force does not pass through the centre of mass.

22
Q

During which state is the body’s centre of mass is neither raised nor lowered, but it stays at the same level when disturbed.

A

Neutral equilibrium.

23
Q

T / F:

All objects at rest when they are in equilibrium.

A

True

24
Q

Which state of motion is is this:
A shoe box is balancing on its shortest side and a force is applied, the force causes it to become unstable and fall over.

A

Unstable equilibrium.

25
Q

Linear motion is caused by which type of force?

A

Concentric force (through the centre of mass of a body).

26
Q

In rugby, if you are stationary ready to be tackled, what feet position would you adopt and why?

A

A wide placement because it means there is more stability due to the larger base of support.

27
Q

Where is the centre of mass located?

A

At the point which the body is balanced a

in all directions.

28
Q

T / F:

The centre of mass can move outside a body.

A

True.

29
Q

What happens if a centre of mass moves outside the body?

A

It acts as a point of rotation.

30
Q

T / F:

The centre of mass is constant.

A

False, the position changes with movement.

31
Q

Give a sporting example of when the centre of mass will move outside the body to act as a point of rotation.

A

A front somersault where the COM is at the back.

32
Q

What is meant by stability?

A

The ability of the body to resist motion when applied to it.

33
Q

When we stand in the anatomical position, where is the centre of mass located?

A

Around the naval (belly button).

34
Q

How does the mass of a body affect stability?

A

The greater the mass of the body, the greater the inertia required to displace it.

35
Q

How does the base of support affect stability?

A

The greater the size of the base the greater the stability.

36
Q

How does the height of centre of mass affect stability?

A

The lower the centre of mass, the greater the stability.

37
Q

Give a sporting example of how the base of support affects stability?

A

A golfer with a slightly wider stance for a drive will have more stability.

38
Q

What is the natural centre of mass of women compared to men?

A

It is lower for women as more weight distribution in the legs whilst men have more weight in the shoulders and upper body.

39
Q

Give a sporting example of how the height of centre of mass affects stability?

A

A small footballer will be more stable than a taller one.

40
Q

Give a sporting example of how the line of gravity affects stability?

A

During netball a GS will have a line of gravity over the base whilst the GK has to reach over, pushing their line of gravity over the centre of mass.

41
Q

Give a sporting example of how mass of a body will affect stability.

A

A sumo wrestler will be harder to knock off balance as their inertia is much greater.

42
Q

How does the line of gravity affect stability?

A

The more central the line of centre of mass, the greater the stability.

P.E Biomechanics (5 decks)

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