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PEDS > Newborns > Flashcards

Newborns Flashcards

1
Q

Close at 9-18 months

A

Anterior fontanels

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2
Q

Close at 3 months

A

Posterior fontanels

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3
Q

Require vitamin D supplement for days of life

A

Breast fed infants

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4
Q

Consists of 20kcal/30ml, Lactose

A

Breast milk

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5
Q

Long narrow face prominent forehead/chin, large ears, intellectual disability, autistic disorder

A

Fragile X disorder

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6
Q

Weight that falls below 3r to 5th percentile, causes diarrhea, dietary intake, malabsorption, (celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, food allergy) poor maternal bonding, frequent infections,

A

Failure to thrive

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7
Q

Genetic defect trisomy of chromosome 21, most common chromosomal disorder, average life span 60

A

Down syndrome

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8
Q
  • Round face appears flat, - Upward slanting eyes, - Low set ears, - chronic open mouth caused by enlarged tongue, - short neck, - broad hands, - newborns have hypotonia and poor Moro reflex,
A

Down syndrome Characteristic

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9
Q
  • congenital heart defects, - hearing loss, - visual problems, - cataracts, - sleep apnea, - early onset of Alzheimer’s, - educate parents about high - risk sports and avoid trampoline
A

Down syndrome High risk

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10
Q

Small head with narrow eyes flat nasal bridge, thin upper lip, ears are underdeveloped, mild to severe mental retardation, not obvious till adolescence, alcohol is prohibited during pregnancy affects CNS, somatic growth and facial structure

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

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11
Q

A testicle that has not moved into the bag of skin below the penis before birth, maybe one or two, increases risk of testicular cancer, Tx - order US, corrected surgically

A

Cryptorchidism

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12
Q

Symptoms 2-5 days after birth, cause blindness, red conjunctiva, profuse purulent discharge and swollen eyelids, normally acquired during delivery, if positive acute conjunctivitis test for several STD’s,

A

Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum

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13
Q

Order gonococcal culture (Thayer-martin) herpes culture, chlamydial PCR,

A

Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum Dx

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14
Q

Ceftriaxone, topical erythromycin ointment, Test and treat mother and partner

A

Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum Tx

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15
Q

Symptoms 4 to 10 days eyelids are edematous, red and profuse watery discharge, and later becomes purulent

A

Chlamydial Ophthalmia neonatorum

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16
Q

Test exudate and conjunctival cells,

A

Chlamydial Ophthalmia neonatorum Dx

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17
Q

Azithromycin IM or oral erythromycin, prophylaxis is topical erythromycin ointment or tetracycline ointment, Test and treat mother and partner, reportable disease

A

Chlamydial Ophthalmia neonatorum Tx

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18
Q

Nasopharyngeal culture, frequent cough, bibasilar rales, tachypnea, hyperinflation, diffused infiltrates on chest xray

A

Chlamydial pneumonia

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19
Q

Erythromycin reportable disease

A

Chlamydial pneumonia Tx

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20
Q

Unexpected death in infants under 12 months, higher risk with premature, low birth weight, maternal smoking or drug use, poverty, decrease risk by position infant’s supine, avoid side lying or prone positions, avoid overheating infant with thick quilts

A

Sudden infant death syndrome

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21
Q

Beyond 7% is abnormal in infants

A

Weight loss

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22
Q

>10% weight loss, weak rapid pulse, tachypnea, deep breathing, parched mucous membranes, anterior fontanelle is sunken, tenting, cool skin , anuria, change in LOC,

A

Dehydration

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23
Q

HOW DO YOU ASSESS, OPTIONS: SKIN, WEIGHT, POSTERIOR FONTANEL, DON’T REMEMBER LAST OPTION

A

Dehydration Dx

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24
Q

Refer to ED for IV fluids, severe dehydration due to gastroenteritis leading cause of death in the world

A

Dehydration Tx

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25
Q

Blue to black covered patches, mistaken for bruising or child abuse, fades 2 to 3 years.

A

Mongolian spots

26
Q

Multiple white papules located mainly on forehead cheeks and nose, due to retention of sebaceous material and keratin, resolves spontaneously

A

Milia, Miliaria, prickly heat

27
Q

Small pustules surround by red base, erupts during 2 or 3rd day of life lasts 1to 2 weeks resolves

A

Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum

28
Q

Excessive thick scaling on scalp, - Tx softening and removal of the thick scales after soaking in vegetable or mineral oil, shampoo scalp and gently scrub scales with soft comb, self-limited condition that resolve spontaneously in a few months

A

Seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap)

29
Q

Tufts of hair overlying spinal column usually at lumbosacral area, maybe sign of neural tube defect spina bifida,

A

Faun Tail nevus

30
Q

Perform neurological exam focus on lumbosacral nerves order US of lesion to rule out occult spina bifida

A

Faun Tail nevus Dx

31
Q

Flat light brown to dark brown spots > 5mm, if 6 or more > 5mm rule out neurofibromatosis, or von Recklinghausen’s disease (neuro disorder- seizures learning disability) refer to pediatric Neurologist

A

Café au Lait Spot

32
Q

Neonates with pink red flat stain like skin lesions upper/lower eyelid or v1, v2 branches of trigeminal nerve, Tx - refer to pathologist to rule out congenital glaucoma, blanches to pressure, irregular size, lesions do not regress and grow with child

A

Port wine stain (nevus flammeus)

33
Q

Raised vascular lesions ranging in size from .5 to 4.0 cm, bright red and feel soft to palpation, head and neck area, grow during first 12 months, resolve spontaneously, watchful waiting strategy, Tx - can treat with PDL therapy (laser)

A

Hemangioma (strawberry Hemangioma)

34
Q

Misalignment of the eye,

A

Strabismus

35
Q

Screening for strabismus

A

Hirschberg test

36
Q

Inward turning of the eye

A

Estropia

37
Q

outward turning of the eye

A

Exotropia

38
Q

lazy eye

A

Amblyopia

39
Q

response to loud noise

A

Gross hearing test

40
Q

High risk factors for hearing loss - hyperbilirubinemia, - ear infections, - Apgar score low at birth, - rubella, - seizures

A

HEARS

41
Q

At 1 to 2 years old

A

Lead screen

42
Q

PKU, sickle cell, TSH

A

Required screens

43
Q

Breast feed is preferred supplement with vitamin D, or formula fortified with iron

A

Nutrition

44
Q

Avoid first year of life, causes GI bleed and IDA

A

Cow’s milk

45
Q

4 to 6 months with rice fortified with iron

A

Solid foods

46
Q

Diffuse edema of scalp crosses midline, caused by intrauterine and vaginal pressure from prolonged or difficult vaginal labor, scalp is molded, or cone shaped, resolves spontaneously, ecchymosis of scalp, scalp edema

A

Caput succedaneum

47
Q

Traumatic subperiosteal hemorrhage, rule out skull fracture, swelling does not cross midline or suture line

A

Cephalohematoma

48
Q

Avg 35cm, measure at each wellness till 3 years old, head circumference 2 cm bigger than chest, increase by 12 cm in first year

A

Head circumference

49
Q

Urethral opening is underside of penis instead of normal placement

A

Hypospadias

50
Q

Urethral meatus is upper side of penis

A

Epispadias

51
Q

Weight loss 5 to 7 % after birth regain in 2 weeks

A

Neonates

52
Q

Doubles by 6 months and triples in 12 months

A

Birth weight

53
Q

White papules found on gum line resembles erupting tooth

A

Epstein pearls

54
Q

First full set of teeth at 2.5 years old, permanent teeth at 6 years old

A

Teeth

55
Q

Abnormality could indicate spina bifida

A

Anal wink

56
Q

Upward extension of big toe with fanning of other toes

A

Plantar reflex (Babinski reflex)

57
Q

Place finger in infant’s hand, pull away infant’s hand grip tightens

A

Palmar reflex (grasp reflex)

58
Q

Disappears by 3 to 4 months, absence on 1 side rule out brachial plexus injury fracture, absence both sides rule out- spinal cord/brain lesion, older infant with continued more reflex rule out brain pathology

A

Moro reflex- (startle reflex)

59
Q

Baby foot touches flat surface, will flex hip and knee on surface, abnormal with paresis or breech births disappears 6 weeks.

A

Step reflex

60
Q

Eyelids close to light or response

A

Blink reflex

61
Q

Turning head to one side with jaw over shoulders cause arm and leg to extend, the arm and leg on opposite side will flex, disappears by 6 months.

A

Tonic neck reflex (fencing reflex)

62
Q

Stroking corner of mouth causes baby to turn toward stimulus and suck, disappears by 3 to 4 months

A

Rooting reflex

PEDS (7 decks)

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