Leik Flashcards
of 5% to 7% starts after birth, but neonates should regain birth weight in 2 weeks.
Weight loss
Grows by up to 12 cm (first 12 months).
Head circumference
Caput succedaneum
Caput succedaneum
Does cnot (blood blocked by scalp sutures).
Cephalohematoma
looks like thick yellow fluid and is secreted the first few days of breastfeeding before milk release.
Colostrum (IgG antibodies)
Avoid during first 12 months of life (causes GI bleeding, iron-deficiency anemia).
Cow’s milk
Supplement with vitamin D the first few days of life.
Breastfeeding
Increases risk of testicular cancer. Refer to pediatric urologist for evaluation between 4 to 12 months of age.
Cryptorchidism
is used to assess for hydrocele, empty scrotal sac, and scrotal masses.
Transillumination
is fluid collection inside the scrotum (tunica vaginalis/processus vaginalis).
Hydrocele
Scrotal sac with hydrocele will appear “brighter” or will have more light glow compared with scrotum with a testicle (solid objects block light, so less glow of light).
Infant with hydrocele and transillumination:
In an older infant (age 6 months or older) is abnormal and indicative of brain damage.
A strong Moro reflex
Do not give before age of 12 months.
Varicella and MMR
Youngest age vaccine is 6 months
Influenza
Only vaccine given at birth
Hepatitis B
Give the neonate hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and the hepatitis B vaccine
If mother HBsAg-positive
Do not use DTaP, use Td or Tdap form of vaccine.
7 years or older
At age of 11 to 12 years as a booster. If older, then replace one dose of Td with a Tdap (once in a lifetime).
Give Tdap vaccine
are screening tests for DDH. Positive sign is if “click” or “clunk” sound is heard and/or if examiner palpates the trochanter becoming displaced (temporarily) from the hip socket. Tx - Refer to pediatric orthopedic specialist.
Ortolani and Barlow
Rule out congenital hip dysplasia or hip fracture.
Asymmetry of thigh/gluteal folds
Rolls from front to back and back to front
6 months
Plays pat-a-cake and peek-a-boo
9 months
is a congenital tumor of the kidneys. More common in African American girls
Wilms’ tumor (crosses midline)
Sitting posture with hyperextended neck with open-mouth breathing.
Epiglottitis presentation
Speech understood mostly by family members
2-year-old
Speech can be understood by strangers
3-year-old
- Can ride a tricycle. - Can ride a bicycle at the age of 6 to 7 years. - Can copy a circle
Three-year-old
- Can copy a cross (the number “4” resembles a cross at the center). - Can draw a “stick person” with three body parts.
Four-year-old
When the child is (age 3-6 years) expresses the desire to marry the parent of the opposite sex.
Oedipal stage
Can draw a person with at least six body
Five-year-old
Should be vaccinated with single dose of quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY); brand names are Menactra or Menveo.
11- to 12-year-old children
- (Tdap, HPV, MCV4). - “early abstract” thinking stage (Piaget).
11 to 12 years
caused by the poxvirus.
Molluscum
youngest age group for vaccination is 9 years.
HPV vaccine (Gardasil)
Is measles. Koplik’s spot
Rubeola
Meningococcal vaccine is now required for all,
11 to 12 years
Antidote IV N-acetylcysteine.
Acetaminophen poisoning
Presents as enlarged lymph nodes with fever, night sweats, and pain (lymph nodes) after drinking alcohol.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Government program to report clinically adverse events.
Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS):
females until age 26 years
HPV vaccine
for males until age 21 years (except males who have sex with males); and for gay, bisexual, or males who have sex with males until age 26 years.
HPV vaccine
for males until age 21 years (except males who have sex with males); and for gay, bisexual, or males who have sex with males until age 26 years.
HPV vaccine
Puberty starts - girls (breast bud) - boys (testicular enlargement and scrotal rugation/color starts to become darker).
Tanner stage II
boys is elongation of the penis (testes continues to grow)
Tanner stage III
- treatment needed for a 10-degree curve (observe for worsening). - Screening test for scoliosis is the Adam’s forward bend test.
Scoliosis
No consent is needed for health services related to sexual activity (STD testing, pregnancy tests, birth control prescriptions).
Parental consent
need parental consent (dysmenorrhea, headache, upper respiratory infection [URI]).
Parental consent
Lanugo, low albumin causes pedal edema,
Anorexia nervosa
