Newborn Nutrition (1) Flashcards
it is normal for a baby to lose up to ____% of its birth weight before gaining
7
normal newborn weight gain is about ____oz per day
1
what is the newborn caloric need?
100kcal/kg/day
babies double their birth weight by ____ and triple by ______
6 mo, a year
what are newborn benefits of breastfeeding
-nutritional (made for babies)
-immune advances
-bonding
decreased risk of disease (t1/2 DM, lymphoma, leukemia, obesity, cholesterol, asthma)
breastfeeding benefits to mother
-decreased risk of PP bleeding
-stimulate uterine involution
-dec. risk of breast and ovarian cancer
-dec. osteoporosis risk
-save money!!
what hormones stimulate breast development during pregnancy
estrogen and progesteron
what hormone is released from anterior pituitary in response to breast stimulation, also milk production
prolactin
what hormone is …
-released from posterior pituitary in response to breast stimulation
-ejection of milk
oxytocin
what composes breast milk
fat/triglycerides!!!
carbs (lactose)!!!
protein (whey)
vitamins, minerals, and trace elements
what is the average caloric content of breast milk??
20 cal/ounce
what antobody is high in colostrum
IgA
colostrum is high in what?
protein, vitamins, minerals
colsotrum is low in what?
fats and carbs
what color is colostrum
yellowish
what stage of breastmilk contains more fat, lactose, vitamins, and calories
transitional milk
by day 5 PP, how much transitional milk is made / day?
16
what stage of milk is white/bluish in color
mature milk
when does mature milk come in?
2 weeks
by 6 mo PP, how much mature milk is made / day?
800 ml
what milk flows at the start of the feeding session and is high in lactose and protein, low in fat
foremilk
what milk flows later in milk letdown and is high in fat
hind milk
how much shoukd the breastfeeding mother increase her caloric intake by
500kcals over non pregnant weight requirement
what foods need to be avoided and restricted
restrict alcohol and caffeine, no “restrictions”
when should the inital feeding take place?
first hour
what are arousal techniques
- remove blanket
- change diaper
- sit baby up
- talk to baby
what acronym is used to assess breastfeeding? what deos it stand for
LATCH
* latch
* audible swallowing
* type of nipple
* comfort (breast/nipple)
* hold
what are some problems associated with breastfeeding?
engorged breasts
sore, cracked, blisterd, or bruised nipples
what kind of things help injured nips
lanolin cream and hydrogel dressing
are supplementary feedings necessary?
no, could cause probs
when is breastfeeding contraindicated?
HIV or aids
TB
varicella
herpes on breast
drug/alcohol use
certain meds
infant with galactosemia
what types of formula are there
milk based
soy based
specialty formula
what are the 3 forms of formula preparation
-ready to feed
-powdered formula
-formula concentrate
when does prepared powdered fromula need to be used by?
24-48 hours
how to prepare formula concentrate
water is added
baby eats every 3 hr., he weighs 3.6 kg, how many ounces per feeding?
100kcal/kg/day
form= 20kcal/oz
100x3.6 = 360kcal/day
360kcal/8 feedings = 45kcal/feed
45kcal/20kcal = 2.2 oz
how should you warm bottles?
warm water bath
bottle feeding technique
- tilt 45 degrees
- observe bubbles rise
- hold infant up
- never prop
- allow baby to stop on its own
