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OB > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

what do fertility awareness methods of contraception consider

A
  • menstrual changes
  • life of egg/sperm
  • maximum fertility during 5 days preceding ovulation
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2
Q

what are pros of fertility awareness methods of contraception?

A

free, safe, accepted in religions and cultures, increased awareness, no artificial

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3
Q

what are concerns of fertility awareness methods of contraception

A

must have regular cycles, may interfere with spontaneity, must keep records, comfort with body, not as reliable

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4
Q

the calendar rhythm method assumes ovulation is between day ___ and ___ of cycle?

A

12-16

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5
Q

describe calendar rhythm method

A
  • record menstrual cycles for 6 months
  • fertile days are 18 days before end of shortest cycle adn 11 days from end of longest cycle
  • least reliable
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6
Q

what fertility awareness method of contraception detects temp changes r/t ovulation in women w/ reg menstrual cycles

A

basal body temperature

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7
Q

how to do basal body temp

A
  • take oral temp every morning
  • after 3 or 4 months, may be able to predict ovulation
  • chances of contraception are greater on the day of the temp spike and following 3 days
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8
Q

what fertility awareness method of contraception identifies cervical mucus changes related to ovulation in women with regular cycles

A

cervical mucus method

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9
Q

describe cervical mucus method

A
  • prior to ovulation, mucus is thick, white, and creamy (hostile mucus)
  • during ovulation, cervical mucus is watery and stretchable “egg white”
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10
Q

what is the stretchable mucus called?

A

spinbarkheit

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11
Q

when is fertility high according to cervical mucus method

A

from the day mucus begins to change until 4 days following ovulation

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12
Q

what is the symptothermal fertility awareness method

A

combo of
* cycle length
* BBT
* cervical mucus
* symptoms of ovulation (bloat/pain)
* most effective FAM

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13
Q

what is not engaging in sexual intercourse

A

abstinence

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14
Q

what is the withdraw method

A

coitus interruptus “pulling out”
requires self control
preejaculatory fluid may contain sperm

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15
Q

is douching effective?

A

no

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16
Q

what is the formal name for spermicide, what does it do, how is it used?

A

nonoxynol-9
destroys sperm through disturbance in cell membrane
inserted into vagina (also combined with barrier)

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17
Q

pros and cons of spermicide

A
  • pro= availability, no systemic side effects
  • con= fairly ineffective when used alone, not effective against STI
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18
Q

what lodges high in the vagina and covers the cervix, often used with spermicide

A

diaphragm

19
Q

how long can a diaphragm be worn, and how long should it be left in after intercourse

A
  • worn for 24 hours
  • leave in for 6-8 following intercourse
  • watch for TSS!
20
Q

what should be avoided while using a diaphragm

A

oil based lubricants

21
Q

what is a cervical cap

A

another barrier that covers the cervix, small cap

22
Q

what makes up a female condom adn how long can it be in before intercourse

A
  • polyurethane ring at each end
  • may be placed 8 hours prior to intercourse
23
Q

pros and cons to female condoms

A
  • pro= noninvasive, easy to obtain, used only during sex, STI protection
  • con= cost, cumbersome
24
Q

pros/cons of male condoms

A
  • pro= noninvasive, used only wehn engaging in sex, provide STD protection
  • con= misuse, breakage
25
Q

what is a vaginal sponge, how long can it be worn, and how long should it be left after

A
  • sponge containing spermicide that fits over cervix
  • may be worn 24 hours
  • should be left in place for 6 hours after intercourse
26
Q

what are the 2 IUDs

A

copper IUD, Mirena

27
Q

what are the advantages and risks of IUD

A
  • pro= highly effective, non-coitus related contraception (sex, STD)
  • con= cramping after initial placement, inc. bleeding, uterine rupture
28
Q

what are “the pills” composed of?

A

estrogen-progestin

29
Q

how do antibiotics effect effectiveness of the pill

A

decrease

30
Q

pro/con of combo oral contraceptive “the pill”

A
  • pro= safe, effective, reversible
  • con= contraindicated in pregnancy, thrombophlebitis/clotting, liver disease, heavy smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia
31
Q

what are pro/con of progestin only pill (minipill)

A
  • pro= often used by breastfeeding or contraindication to estrogen in COCs
  • con= slightly less effective than COC, irregular bleeding, must be taken consistently
32
Q

what is an injectible contraceptive that works to suppress ovulation and thicken cervical mucus

A

long-acting progestin contraceptives (depo provera)

33
Q

pro/con of long-acting contra. (depo provera)

A
  • pro= BC for 3 months, safe, reversible
  • con= irregular bleeding, weight gain, hair loss, bone demineralization
34
Q

what is a capsule implanted in upper underarm that works to suppress ovulation and thicken cervical mucus

A

long-acting progestin contra. (implanon)

35
Q

pro/con of implanon (long-act progestin contraceptive)

A
  • pro=effective, continuous contraception for 3 years
  • con= irregular bleeding, weight gain, hair loss, HA, mood swings
36
Q

describe transdermal hormonal contraception?

A
  • combined hormonal cont.
  • patch applied for 3 weeks
  • effective like oral cont.
37
Q

describe vaginal contraceptive ring

A
  • low dose, sustained release, combined hormonal contraceptive
  • placed in vag and left for 3 weeks
38
Q

describe effectiveness/obtainment of plan b vs. ella

A
  • plan b= effective within 72 hours of sex, obtained OTC
  • ella= effective within 120 hours of sex, must have Rx
39
Q

what is tubal ligation, and how effective is it

A

female tube tied, clipped, or electrocoagulated
effective half the time

40
Q

what is severed in male sterilization (vasectomy)

A

vas deferens

41
Q

how often is sperm count collected after vasectomy, and how many ejaculations does it take to clear sperm?

A
  • sperm count at 6 & 12 months
  • takes 6-36 ejaculations to clear sperm
42
Q

what are side effects of vasectomy

A
  • pain
  • infection
  • hematoma
  • sperm granuloma
  • spontaneous reanastomosis
43
Q

how effective is a vasectomy reversal?

A

40-80%

OB (19 decks)

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