Newborn Assessment Flashcards
What are risk factors for Neonatal Encephalopathy?
Prothrombic disease
Primagravida
Infertility
Pre-E
Multiples
Prolonged 2nd stage
Prolonged ROM
Chorioamnionitis
After which gestational age can you diagnose Neonatal Encephalopathy?
35 weeks
What are fetal risk factors for Neonatal Encephalopathy?
IUGR
infection
Genetics
Placental embolism
Cardiac disease
Abnormal FHR
What is the definition of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy?
This is caused by hypoxemia or poor blood supply due to severe and prolonged low blood pressures
What type of event is HIE known as?
Intrapartum event- this happened on our watch
What is the biggest difference between Neonatal Encephalopathy and Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy?
NNE does not always have to be a hypoxic event, this can be caused from infection
How much bigger should the newborn’s head than the chest?
2-3 cm
What is a normal newborn Hemoglobin level?
14-20 g/dL
What is a normal newborn Hematocrit level?
43-60%
What is a normal newborn Platelet level?
150-300,000
What is a normal newborn WBC level?
10-30,000
What are the four types of heat loss?
Evaporation, conduction, convection, and radiation
How does the newborn lose heat from evaporation?
This is from a wet body surface area- keep warm and dry, wrapped up, and humidified O2.
How does the newborn lose heat from conduction?
Loss to a cool solid surface touching the newborn- warm mattress, skin-to-skin, warm stethoscope, cover scales, warm blankets
How does the newborn lose heat from convection?
This is loss of body heat to the cool air- warm blow by, avoid drafts, hats, incubators, heat up in rooms
How does the newborn lose heat from radiation?
Loss to objects not in direct contact with the neonate to a cool surface- apply incubator cover, and store clothes inside the incubator.
What are the three periods in the newborn transition period?
- Reactive Period: first 30-60 minutes when infant is alert/active, strong desire to suck, period breathing, retract, flaring
- Relative Inactivity: next 2-3 hours when the infant is sleepy and difficult to awaken, clearing breath sounds, and stable RR and HR
- Second period of Reactivity: around 4-6 hours after napping
When do you start to see symptoms on Group Beta Strep infection?
Within 24 hours up to 7 days post delivery.
How does Rh factor affect pregnancies?
This is an issue with an Rh-negative mother and an Rh-positive baby.
In the first delivery, the mixing of fetal RBC’s reabsorbed into maternal circulation and creates antibodies.
What are some other ways that fetal blood cells can mix with maternal circulation?
Trauma, miscarriage, and amniocentesis.
What are symptoms of hemolytic disease of the newborn?
Severe anemia, hypoalbuminemia, IUGR, jaundice, heart failure, hydrops fetalis.
What are the two types of jaundice?
- Pathologic: occurs from hemolytic disease, bruises, or hematoma
- Physiological: this is 2-3 days after birth
How does phototherapy help in the treatment of jaundice?
This breaks down the RBC’s down easier to excrete through stool.
What is kernicterus?
This is a syndrome that occurs of acute bilirubin encephalopathy causes permanent damage to the brain.
