Newborn Flashcards
1
Q
During adjustment to extrauterine life, it is the most critical adaptation
A
Initiation of respiration
2
Q
What are the three factors that stimulate breathing?
A
Chemical, Thermal, and Tactile Factors
3
Q
What causes fetal lung fluid removal
A
compression of the chest when passing through the birth canal
4
Q
It keeps the alveoli expanded
A
Surfactant
5
Q
What are the three different ways to establish the ABC also known as Airway, breathing and circulation
A
Suctioning with proper positioning, Institute standard precautions and cardiopulmonary adaptation
6
Q
What is the correct way to position a newborn to facilitate airway and breathing?
A
Side-lying or modified Trendelenburg
7
Q
What is the correct order of suctioning
A
Mouth then nose
8
Q
After initiation of respiration, this process is also critical to the newborn’s survival.
A
Thermoregulation
9
Q
What are the principal thermogenic sources?
A
Heart , Liver, Brain and Brown adipose tissue
10
Q
Involves the loss of heat when liquid is converted to a vapor.
A
Evaporation
11
Q
Involves the loss of body heat to cooler objects which come in direct contact with the baby’s skin.
A
Conduction
12
Q
Involves loss of infant’s body heat to cooler solid objects that are not directly in contact with him.
A
Radiation
13
Q
Involves the flow of heat from the surface to the cooler surrounding air to air circulating over the body surface
A
Convection
14
Q
What principle of heat transfer is involve when weighing a newborn
A
Conduction
15
Q
Principle of heat transfer when a baby is inside the room
A
Radiation
16
Q
The principle of heat transfer used in an incubator with humidification
A
Convection
17
Q
Large body surface area results in loss of heat to the environment. TRUE OR FALSE
A
TRUE
18
Q
Newborn’s thin layer of adipose tissue is a good insulator. TRUE or FALSE
A
FALSE
19
Q
Newborns cannot shiver to increase the heat production. TRUE OR FALSE
A
TRUE
20
Q
Arrange the following in order:
1. Dry the infant completely for at least 30 seconds and remove the wet cloth.
2. Wrap the newborn immediately and place it under a droplight/radiant warmer.
3. Check temperature
4. Provide warmth (Early skin to skin contact) including Newborn via Caesarian section, place cap)
A
2,1,4,3
21
Q
It is a care that every newborn baby needs regardless of where it is born or its size.
A
Essential Newborn Care/ Unang Yakap
22
Q
What are the 4 Core Steps of ENC
A
Immediate drying, skin-to-skin contact, proper cord clamping & cutting, nonseparation of newborn and mother
23
Q
It prevents hypothermia
A
Immediate thorough drying and early skin-to-skin contact
24
Q
Why is it important to wait for the cord pulsation to stop before cutting?
A
Prevents anemia and protects against brain hemorrhage in premature newborn
25
What practices should not be done to a newborn anymore?
1. routine suctioning
2. putting a newborn on a cold or wet surface
3. removing vernix caseosa
4. Foot printing
5. bathing earlier than 6 hours of life
6. unnecessary separation of the newborn and the mother
26
Who developed APGAR in 1952, which became a standard tool in assessing newborn babies?
Virginia Apgar
27
It is a quick, overall assessment of newborn well-being, a measure of the physical condition of a newborn infant.
APGAR
28
What is the meaning of APGAR?
Activity
Pulse
Grimace
Appearance
Respiration
29
Apgar score for a blue or pale appearance
0
30
Blue extremities and pink body
1
31
Pink all over
2
32
Absent pulse or heart rate
0
33
> 100 betas per minute
2
34
< 100 beats per minute
1
35
No response to stimulation
0
36
Grimace when stimulated
1
37
Strong cry or sneezes when stimulated
2
38
Limp, flaccid
0
39
Some flexion of extremities
1
40
Well flexed
2
41
Absent respiratory effort
0
42
Weak cry/ irregular, slow
1
43
Good/ Strong or lusty Cry
2
44
It is normal for a newborn to have acrocyanosis for the first 15 to 30 minutes after birth? True or false
True
45
Around what time does the color of the baby stabilizes after delivery?
30 minutes to 2 hours
46
Around 2-6 hours after delivery, what happens to the color of the baby?
Quick color changes occur with movement or crying
47
During the 1st period, what is the usual activity of the baby
Alert: Watching
48
After 30 min. to 2 hours, what is the usual activity of the baby?
Sleeping
49
During the 3nd period (2-6) hours, what is the usual activity of the baby?
Awakening
50
In terms of the ability to respond to stimuli, what happens during the 1st period after birth?
Vigorous reaction
51
During the sleep period or 30 min. to 2 hours after birth, what happens to the baby's ability to respond to stimuli?
Difficult to arouse
52
In terms of ability to respond to stimuli, what happens during the 2nd period (2-6) hours after birth?
Becomes responsive again
53
During this period, there is a small amount of mucus while sleeping.
Sleep period
54
During this period mucus is visible in the mouth?
1st period
55
During this period, the mouth is full of mucus, causing gagging
2nd period
56
Bowel sounds can be heard after how many minutes after birth?
15
57
During this period there is often passage of the first meconium stain.
2nd period
58
< 34 weeks
premature
59
34 - 37 weeks
late pre term
60
37 - 38 weeks
early term
61
39 - 40 weeks
full term
62
41 - 42 weeks
late term
63
> 42 weeks
post term/ postmature
64
Synchronize upper chest retractions
0
65
lag on inspiration
1
66
see-saw movement
2
67
expiratory grunting can be observed by stethoscope only.
1
68
What are the parameters involved in Silverman Anderson Score?
Upper Chest Retractions
Lower Chest Retractions
Xiphoid Retractions
Nasal Flaring
Expiratory Grunting
69
Parameters involved to determine period of reactivity?
Color
Activity
Ability to respond to stimuli
Mucus
Bowel Sounds
70
What are the general measurements considered for Newborns?
Head circumference
Chest circumference
Abdominal circumference
Length
Body Weight
71
What is considered low birth weight regardless of AOG (Age of Gestation)?
2 500 grams
72
What percent of a baby's body weight is made of water?
70 - 75 percent
73
What is the normal measurement of the head
34-35 cm
74
What is the usual chest circumference?
30 -33 cm (12-13 inches)
should be equal or < 2 cm than HC
75
Abdominal circumference
32 - 33 cm.
76
When is the ideal time to identify a baby's gender?
After delivery
77
When is the right time to care for the umbilical cord/stump?
Every after-diaper change
78
What eye prophylaxis drugs are used to prevent conjunctivitis?
Erythromycin and Tetracycline
79
It facilitates the production of clotting factors?
Vitamin K
80
What are examples of vitamin K injection
AquaMEPHYTON and phytonadione
81
What is the dosage, route and site of administration for Vitamin K?
0.5 - 1.0mg IM at the thigh or vastus lateralis muscle
82
When is the 2nd dose of Hepatitis B Vaccination administered?
1 month
83
When is the 3rd dose of Hepatitis B administered
6 months
84
What is the common posture of Newborn?
Flexion
85
What does it mean when the baby is turning dark red
plethora; polycythemic
86
Central cyanosis
decrease 02
87
Gray Color
infection
88
Pale color/Pallor
Anemia
89
Yellow Color
Jaundice
90
It is the bluish discoloration of palms, hands and soles of feet?
Acrocyanosis
91
What causes Acrocyanosis?
immature peripheral circulation
exacerbated by cold temperature
92
Acrocyanosis is normal with the 1st how many hours?
24 hours
93
This type of jaundice appears after the first 24 or 48 hours and disappears by the 2nd week?
Physiologic Jaundice
94
This type of Jaundice appears within the 1st 24 hours which may indicate early hemolysis of RBC and underlying disease process?
Pathologic Jaundice
95
Clear line of demarcation between an area of redness and an area of normal coloration.
Harlequin Sign
96
Is greasy white substance that covers the skin until 38th week of gestation
Vernix Caseosa
97
Fine downy hair on shoulders, upper arms, back (-) 2 weeks
Lanugo
98
Peeling of skin at birth/postmaturity
Desquamation
99
seen at birth; red to purple color; does not blanch on pressure nor disappear
Portwine stain/nevus flammeus
100
Pink or red flat area of capillary dilatation, seen at upper eyelids, nose, lower, occiput bone, nape and neck
Stork bites or telangiectasia nevi
101
2nd most common type of capillary hemangioma. Elevated, sharply demarcated or bright or dark red, rough surface swelling
Strawberry Mark or Nevus Vascularis
102
Are dark blue or purple bruise-like macular spots usually located over the sacrum and buttocks.
Mongolian spot
103
Transient newborn rash with numerous small areas of red skin with a yellow-white papule in the center, at the nape, back, and buttocks
Erythema toxicum
104
Unopened sebaceous glands usually found at the tip of nose and chin of the baby?
Milia
105
During the newborn stage it is the largest part of the human body which accounts to a total of 1/4 body length
Head
106
This type of fontanelle is diamond shape
Anterior
107
This type of fontanelle is triangular in shape
Posterior
108
It is the premature closure of one or more suture lines
Craniosynostosis
109
Localized softening of cranial bones/skull
Craniotabes
110
Overlapping of sagittal and coronal suture line.
Molding
111
Small round glistening cysts; palate and gums.
Epstein's Pearls
112
During the newborn stage, the size of the anteroposterior and lateral chest diameters are equal. True or False.
True
113
May be present which is a thin, watery fluid also due to maternal hormones
Witch's milk
114
If the abdomen is scaphoid, what does it imply?
Diaphragmatic hernia
115
When should the first voiding occur?
For the first 24 hours
116
What is the specific gravity of urine of the newborn?
1.008 to 1.010
117
What is the daily urine output for the 1st and 2nd day?
30 - 60 mL
118
What is the daily urine output by week 1?
300ml
119
Extra digits
Polydactyly
120
Fused or webbed
syndactyly
121
absence of the distal part of extremity
hemimelia
122
A single palmar crease are signs of DOWN syndrome.
Simian Crease
123
A birth deformity in which the front portion of the foot is deformed and turned inward. It can be benefited greatly by surgery.
Clubfoot
124
It is the rapid eyelid closure when strong light is shone. Tap gently over the forehead and the eyes will blink
Blink reflex
125
Cheek is brushed or stroked near the corner of the mouth, a newborn turn the head on that direction. (-) by 6 weeks of life.
Rooting Reflex
126
When newborn lips are touched the baby makes sucking motion. (-) about 6 months
sucking reflex
127
A substance that is placed on the anterior portion of the tongue is extruded. (-) 4 months
Extrusion reflexes
128
Food that reaches the posterior portion of the tongue is automatically swallowed
Swallowing reflexes
129
When the newborn lies on his back, the head usually turns to one side, arm and leg on that side extend and the opposite arm and leg contract.
Tonic-neck reflex
130
When the side of the sole of the foot is stroked in a inverted J, fanning of the toes will result.
babinski reflex
131
Place an object in the palm of infant's hand and the infant will grasp the object.
Plamar grasp reflex
132
make an abrupt loud noise or by jarring the bassinet causes abduction of both arms and
curling of the fingers. Hold the infant in semi-sitting position, allow head and trunk to fall backward with support. (-) 4-5 mos.
Moro reflex
133
when an object touches the sole of a newborn’s foot at the base of the toes, the toes grasp in thesame manner as the finger do.
Plantar Reflex
134
newborn lies on prone position and is touched along the paravertebral area by probing finger, newborn flexes his trunk and swings the pelvis toward the touch. Usually apparent by 5-6 days.
trunk incurvation reflex
135
- if one leg of the newborn lying supine is extended and the sole of that foot is being rubbed, infant raises the other leg and extends it as if trying to push away the hand irritating the first leg.
crossed extension reflex
136
Newborn who is held in a vertical position with their feet touching a hard surface will take few alternating step or simulate walking. - Normally present for 3 to 4 weeks.
Stepping/walking reflex
137
Steps up when dorsum of foot is stimulated (-) 4 - 6 months
Placing Reflex
138
When prone, the newborn should demonstrate some muscle tone. A test of spinal cord integrity.
Landau Reflex
139
A simple procedure to find out congenital metabolic disorder in newborn
Newborn Screening
140
When is the newborn screening test ideally done
48th hour OR at least 24 hours
141
How many disorders can be detected by NBST
28 disorders
142
Results from lack/absence of thyroid hormone, low thyroid activity at birth
Congenital Hypothyroidism
143
Is a temporary deficiency of thyroid hormone that recovers in the first few days of life.
Transient CH
144
Is a persistent deficiency of thyroid hormone requiring lifelong replacement therapy.
Permanent CH
145
It is due to defects in the production of adrenal gland hormones
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
146
Is a metabolic disorder in which the body cannot properly use an amino acid called phenylalanine
Phenylketonuria
147
Is a condition in which the body is unable to process galactose
Galactosemia
148
The body lacs enzyme called G6PD
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
149
is a genetic disease which there is a defeciency of an enzyme that converts amino acid homcysteine into cystathinonine.
Homocystinuria
150
What are the 6 common metabolic diseases?
1. Congenital heart Diease
2. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
3. Phenylketonuria
4. Galactosemia
5. G6PD deficiency
6. Homocystinuria
151
In babies this very important genetic disorder becomes sickly shaped after they give up oxygen to the tissues. The sickly shape cells can become stuck in blood vessels causing pain and organ damage.
Sickle Cell disease
152
Is an inherited error involving the metabolism of the branch chain amino acids (Leucine, isoleucine and valine) that results in mental retardation and sometimes death.
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
153
Deficiency of the essential vitan B biotin.
Biotinidase Deficiency
154
- this is a genetic disorder in which there is deficiency
of an enzyme needed to convert fat to energy.
Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
deficiency (MCAD)
155
- Is inherited disorder caused by absenceof a cell protein manufactured by the body
Cystic Fibrosis
156
-Absence of this protein causes the production of thick mucus and fluids that result in chronic respiratory and digestive problem and poor growth.
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane
Conductance Regulator(CFTR).
157
When should bathing be done for newborn
Before feeding and when temperature stabilizes
158
Where should you start when cleaning a newborn
From clean to dirty areas
159
What are the four feeding cues?
Rooting Reflex
Sucking Reflex
Extrusion Reflex
Swallowing Reflex
160
What are the 3 steps to execute burping technique
1. shoulder hold
2. sitting position
3. laying prone across the lap
160
This type of feeding position permits eye contact, provides a sense of warmth and closeness, and provide security which is ideal for feeding.
Cradle Hold
160
What position is Ideal for feeding
Cross-Cradle Hold
160
Ideal for Burping
Upright Hold
161
Permits eye contact, ideal for shampooing, carrying or breastfeeding
Football hold
161
How many times should a mother breastfeed in a day
8-12 times a day
162
Sticky, greenish-black, odorless, sterile stool
Meconium
163
Greenish, loose, and often contains mucus which usually appears from 3 to 10 day
Transitional
164
Usually occur by the 4th day of life which can be voided about 2-6 times a day
Milky stool
165
What type of feeding method is given to a baby with a sweet odor, golden yellow or yellow-brown, and pasty, soft loose consistency stool passed about 2-3 times a day?
Breasfeed
166
Foul odor, pale yellow to light brown and formed/firmer in consistency usually passed 1-2 times a day?
Bottlefeed
167
What should be the proper sleeping position of newborns?
Supine not prone
168
Apart from Hepa B it is a vaccine given anytime after birth
Bacile Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine
169
What are the different ways of infant stimulation?
- Prefers human face
- black and white objects
- human voice
- tactile stimulation
- concept of reciprocity
170
