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MONTH 1- Champagne, Alsace, Jura/Savoie, NZ, Australia > New Zealand > Flashcards

New Zealand Flashcards

1
Q

Who is James Busby?

A

British minister, responsible for first record of actual wine production in late 1830s, planted a small vineyard from French and Spanish cuttings at his estate in Northland

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2
Q

Who was Romeo Bragato?

A

1900s, Austrian viticulturist from Victoria, identified many of New Zealand’s modern wine regions (with the important exception of Marlborough) and educated growers on the merits of grafting vines onto disease-resistant American rootstock.

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3
Q

What was “Six o’clock swill”?

A

an early closing hour for pubs in Australia/New Zealand during World War I, lasted until 1967

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4
Q

How did early calls for abstinence imperil the future of New Zealand’s small industry?

A

growers planted low quality fruit that could be sold as table grapes if the vote went against them

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5
Q

What was New Zealand’s most planted varietal in 1960?

A

“Albany Surprise”

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6
Q

When were wine shops/restaurants/wineries allowed to sell single bottles of wine?

A

Wine shops in 1955, restaurants in 1960, wineries (glasses) 1976

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7
Q

When did the country’s last “dry” areas persist until?

A

1990, relics of the temperance movement

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8
Q

When did European Vitis vinifera vines begin to replace the hybrid and table grape plantings?

A

In the 1970s, a process hastened by a government-sponsored vine pull scheme in 1986.

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9
Q

What is New Zealand’s largest winemaking company?

A

Montana

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10
Q

What is Montana responsible for?

A

est. Marlborough’s 1st commercial vineyard in 1973, released the country’s first varietal wine (Gisborne Chardonnay), and produced one of the first Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc wines in 1979

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11
Q

What put the Marlborough region on the map?

A

Cloudy Bay Vineyards, launched in 1985

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12
Q

New Zealand is the world’s ___ and ____ winemaking country

A

easternmost, southernmost

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13
Q

Which Island is the larger of the two?

A

The South Island

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14
Q

The South Island is divided along its spine by what?

A

the Southern Alps

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15
Q

What effect do the Alps have on the South Island?

A

rainclouds moving eastward from the Tasman Sea deposit all of their moisture high in the mountains, resulting in a rain shadow effect for the wine regions of the island

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16
Q

The warmer North Island is less ____, and generally much ___.

A

mountainous, rainier

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17
Q

What lies on the extreme uppermost end of the North Island?

A

Northland

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18
Q

What is Northland compared to?

A

latitude is comparable to that of Jerez in Spain, its climate is more often likened to Bordeaux

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19
Q

Where does Central Otago lie?

A

southernmost wine region in the world, at 45th parallel

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20
Q

Winemaking regions run along a north-south axis on the eastern coastline of the islands; however what effects the climate?

A

the ocean mitigates temperature variation and moderates the growing season.

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21
Q

What does sunshine and cool nights do for the South Island?

A

Abundant sunshine hours aid ripening while consistently cool nights allow grapes to retain acidity/zesty character so prized in the country’s whites.

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22
Q

New Zealand’s vineyards are typically planted on ____and most are located within____of the eastern coastline

A

flat expanses, 20 miles

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23
Q

As in Australia, what is common?

A

mechanical harvesting since a consistently cheap source of manual labor is difficult to find in the sparsely populated country.

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24
Q

Unlike Australia, with its huge irrigated agricultural zones, what is not economically feasible and why?

A

New Zealand has little land to spare; thus, modern bulk wine production isn’t possible (there is no NZ equivalent to California’s Central Valley or Australia’s Riverland)

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25
Q

What do all New Zealand producers and growers belong to?

A

New Zealand Winegrowers, formed in 2002 as a joint initiative of the Grape Growers Council and the New Zealand Wine Institute

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26
Q

What does the New Zealand Winegrowers organization do?

A

promote/presents a unified face for New Zealand wine, building on the past successes of its parent organizations

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27
Q

A group of New Zealand producers pioneered what in 2001?

A

the Screwcap Initiative, an international association committed to using the closure—even on ultra-premium bottlings.

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28
Q

Who was the first to commercially release a New Zealand wine under screwcap?

A

Kim Crawford in Marlborough

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29
Q

What are the major wine regions on the North Island?

A

Northland, Auckland, Waikato/Bay of Plenty, Gisborne, Hawkes Bay, and Wairarapa.

30
Q

What are the major wine regions on the South Island?

A

Nelson, Marlborough, Canterbury, and Central Otago.

31
Q

What are the regions of New Zealand?

A

Currently informal, new regulations may pave the way for eventual legal recognition

32
Q

What is the varietal/vintage min. on a label?

A

85%

33
Q

What is optional on a label?

A

Declaration of vintage and varietal

34
Q

What leads in acreage in Auckland?

A

Chardonnay, Merlot, and Cabernet Sauvignon

35
Q

Premium red blends/variety wines are highly regarded from what subregions of Auckland?

A

Kumeu, Waiheke Island and Matakana

36
Q

The 3 northern regions on Northland experience what type of climate?

A

a moderate, rainy maritime climate; rot and frost are among the chief viticultural hazards

37
Q

On the North Island, what 3 northern regions are responsible for less than 5% of nations output?

A

Northland, Auckland, Waikato/Bay of Plenty

38
Q

What is the climate of Waiheke Island (one of Aucklands unoffical subregions)?

A

hilly, a singularly sunny, dry climate, especially on its lower western side, where many of the region’s wineries are clustered.

39
Q

The bulk of the North Island’s production is concentrated in the central and southern regions of:

A

Gisborne, Hawkes Bay, and Wairarapa

40
Q

___ is the second largest region in the country, and the North Island’s ____ climate.

A

Hawkes Bay, driest

41
Q

Hawkes Bay is New Zealand’s largest producer of what?

A

Red wines, Merlot is the leading red grape

42
Q

What suggests the development of a large number of future subregions in Hawkes Bay?

A

A range of altitudes, coupled with a diverse and complex pattern of soils, from greywacke gravel to heavy silt to sandy loam

43
Q

What is rapidly establishing a reputation as a source of good Syrah and Bordeaux-style blends, and already appears on a number of labels as a trademarked brand?

A

Gimblett Gravels, an area of deep shingle soils

44
Q

What are some other notable subregions of Hawkes Bay?

A

Ngatarawa (known for Merlot), Esk Valley, Dartmoor Valley.

45
Q

Gisborne is also known as what?

A

Poverty Bay

46
Q

Gisborne is overwhelmingly planted with what?

A

white grapes

47
Q

Gisborne’s vines are the first in the world to ___ each day

A

see the sun

48
Q

What is Gisborne’s most planted grape?

A

Chardonnay

49
Q

What also does well in Gisborne? What doesn’t?

A

Gewürztraminer also performs well in the region, but red grapes simply struggle to ripen in the cool climate.

50
Q

___is the southernmost region on the North Island.

A

Wairarapa

51
Q

The entire region of Wairarapa, including New Zealand’s capital city, is called ____

A

Wellington, but Wairarapa is the only wine district in the region

52
Q

What does well in Wairarapa and where?

A

Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc, particularly in the subregion of Martinborough.

53
Q

____ is the northernmost and ____region on the South Island

A

Nelson, smallest

54
Q

Nelson is New Zealand’s ____ wine-producing region but paradoxically the ___ on the South Island

A

sunniest, rainiest

55
Q

What excells in Nelson’s cool climate?

A

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling and Pinot Noir

56
Q

What region produces over half of the entire country’s wine?

A

Marlborough, with nearly 10,000 ha of Sauvignon Blanc alone.

57
Q

Besides SB, what else is produced in Marlborough?

A

Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris and Riesling

58
Q

What are the most exported wines of the country?

A

Montana’s Lindauer brand sparkling

59
Q

In 1988, a partnership forged between Montana and what Champagne house?

A

Deutz, to produce premium sparkling wines in Marlborough

60
Q

What is the climate of Marlborough?

A

Average max summertime temps of 75° F are moderated by cool nights, and the dry, lengthy growing season

61
Q

What are the 3 major subregions of Marlborough?

A
  1. northern Wairau Valley
  2. central Southern Valleys
  3. southernmost Awatere Valley
62
Q

What is the soil of Marlborough’s 3 major subregions?

A

generally composed of sandy, alluvial loam topsoil over gravel, providing excellent drainage and limiting vine vigor. Some sites are more water-retentive, and induce a more herbaceous character in the final wine.

63
Q

South of marlborough, what is New Zealand’s fastest-growing wine region?

A

Canterbury, due in large part to the success of its northern subregion Waipara Valley.

64
Q

Waipara contains the majority of Canterbury’s vineyards, with what?

A

Pinot Noir, Riesling, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc

65
Q

Pinot Noir does best where on the south Island?

A

Central Otago

66
Q

Central Otago boasts the country’s what?

A

highest altitude

67
Q

Central Otago is the only region in the country to experience what?

A

a truly continental climate, with greater seasonal temperature extremes than any of the country’s maritime regions.

68
Q

What is significant in Central Otago? How do winemakers adapt to this?

A

Diurnal temperature swings, to take advantage of the sun they plant on northern hillside exposures—southern-facing slopes are often too cool for viticulture.

69
Q

What prevents rot in Central Otago?

A

Low humidity

70
Q

What is a costly problem in Central Otago?

A

spring frosts and in cooler years winemakers have great difficulty coaxing ripeness from the grapes at all.

71
Q

What producers eptiomize Central Otago Pinot Noir?

A

Felton Road, Mt. Difficulty, and Rippon, can compete with anything the New World has to offer

72
Q

What are Central Otago’s best-known subregions?

A

Wanaka, Gibbston, Alexandra, and Cromwell Basin

MONTH 1- Champagne, Alsace, Jura/Savoie, NZ, Australia (7 decks)

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