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MONTH 1- Champagne, Alsace, Jura/Savoie, NZ, Australia > Alsace and Lorraine > Flashcards

Alsace and Lorraine Flashcards

1
Q

Throughout the entire Middle Ages, Alsace was a province of what?

A

the Germanic Holy Roman Empire

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2
Q

France developed into a centralized national state in the 15th and 16th centuries, a position which brought them into what?

A

direct conflict with the Spanish Hapsburg house, a branch of Europe’s most powerful dynasty

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3
Q

The French-Hapsburg rivalry catapulted what?

A

The Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) in Europe from a localized German religious dispute into a general European war for political dominance

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4
Q

The Treaty of Westphalia concluded the war in 1648 and cemented France’s ownership of Alsace until what?

A

Germany claimed the territory with Lorraine at the conclusion of the Franco-Prussian War in 1871

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5
Q

What effect did the brutal Thirty Years’ War have on Alsace?

A

It demolished winegrowing in the region and the political instability of the following 300 years repressed the resurgence of the vine

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6
Q

many of the region’s current vineyards date back to what?

A

1945 and after

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7
Q

1945 also marked the beginning of a divergence in what, stylistically?

A

French and German winemaking styles; German wines remained classically sweet, whereas Alsace producers fermented to dryness for a more powerful and food-friendly wine.

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8
Q

When did Alsace finally achieve AOC status?

A

1962, the last major French winemaking region to do so.

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9
Q

Alsace is France’s smallest what?

A

Région

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10
Q

Alsace is divided into what two départements?

A

Haut-Rhin and Bas- Rhin

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11
Q

Generally the premier wines originate where?

A

The Haut- Rhin, and over two-thirds of Alsace’s Grand Cru vineyards are located in the département

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12
Q

Geographically, Alsace is separated from the remainder of France by what?

A

the Vosges Mountains in the west

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13
Q

Colmar is what in Alsace & France?

A

capital of the Haut-Rhin département & the driest city in France

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14
Q

The vineyards of Alsace exist where?

A

In a thin strand along the lower slopes and foothills of the Vosges

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15
Q

The better vineyards enjoy what aspect?

A

southern, southeastern, or warm eastern exposures to maximize sunlight

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16
Q

What is the climate of Alsace?

A

semi-continental

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17
Q

Despite its northerly location, Alsatian vines typically ripen in what manner? Why?

A

with greater regularity than those in the Loire or northern Burgundy, due to the sheer number of sunlight hours in the summertime

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18
Q

Alsatian vineyards have a myriad of what soil types?

A

granite, limestone, schist, clay, gravel, chalk, loess

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19
Q

What is the local pink sandstone known as?

A

grés de Vosges

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20
Q

Steeper mountain slopes are generally composed of what?

A

schist, granite and volcanic sediment

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21
Q

The lower slopes are composed of what?

A

a limestone base, and the plain at the base of the mountains consists of richer alluvial clay and gravel soils.

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22
Q

What % of AOP wine is white?

A

90% (18% of France’s total AOP still white wine production)

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23
Q

What are the noble grapes?

A

Riesling, Pinot Gris, Muscat, Gewurztraminer

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24
Q

Muscat may be what types?

A

either Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains, Muscat Rosé à Petits Grains or Muscat Ottonel

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25
Q

The noble grapes occupy what?

A

the premier sites and are, with minor exceptions, the only grapes planted in the region’s grand cru vineyards

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26
Q

Alsace AOP/Vin d’Alsace AOP allows what grapes to be bottled varietally?

A

the noble grapes, Pinot Blanc (Klevner), Chasselas (Gutedel), Sylvaner, and Pinot Noir

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27
Q

Pinot Blanc is often blended with what similar but not synonymous grape?

A

Auxerrois

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28
Q

All varietally labeled Alsace AOP wines must contain ___ of the printed grape

A

100%

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29
Q

Even if bottled as a single variety, Auxerrois may be accorded the title of “___” on the label

A

Pinot Blanc

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30
Q

White wines simply labeled “Pinot” may contain any proportion of what?

A

Pinot Noir, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, and Auxerrois

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31
Q

Which two grapes, collectively, represent the largest volume of appellation production?

A

Pinot Blanc and Auxerrois

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32
Q

What is Alsace’s last noble grape to ripen?

A

Riesling

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33
Q

What is the most planted grape in Alsace?

A

Riesling

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34
Q

What are the characteristics of Alsatian Rieslings?

A

dry, more powerful, and higher in alcohol than their German cousins

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35
Q

Why are Alsatian Rieslings some of the longest- lived dry whites in the world?

A

due to a pronounced acidity and minerality

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36
Q

With sweetness creeping steadily upward in recent years, Alsatian AOP law mandates what, from 2008 forward?

A

that standard Riesling wines must be dry in style

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37
Q

Pinot Gris was formerly called what in Alsace?

A

Tokay d’Alsace or Tokay Pinot Gris

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38
Q

Why is Pinot Gris perhaps Alsace’s quintessential wine?

A

The grape here achieves its fullest, richest expression, with spicy-smoky qualities and a frame of good acidity.

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39
Q

How would you compare the aromatic grapes of Muscat and Gewurztraminer?

A

Muscat- fragrant, floral, grapy notes. Gewurz- perfumed, sweet spices, tropical fruit. Both lower in acidity, but Gewurz is higher in alcohol, more likely to be off-dry

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40
Q

Gewurztraminer is a pink-berried clone of what traditional grape?

A

Traminer, and steadily replaced it in Alsace’s vineyards throughout the latter half of the 19th century.

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41
Q

What is another pink variant of Traminer?

A

Klevener (known as Savagnin in the Jura)

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42
Q

Where does Klevener retain a few plantings?

A

Around the commune of Heiligenstein in the Bas-Rhin

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43
Q

What are the characteristics of Savagnin Rose/Klevener de Heiligenstein?

A

less intensely aromatic than Gewurztraminer but higher in acidity

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44
Q

What 5 communes may bottle Savagnin Rose/Klevener varietally under the existing Alsace AOP?

A
  1. Heiligenstein itself
  2. Bourgheim
  3. Gertwiller
  4. Goxwiller
  5. Obernai
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45
Q

If no grape variety is listed on the label, an Alsatian wine may be what?

A

a blend

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46
Q

The term “Edelzwicker” indicates what?

A

“noble mixture”, usually indicates its own inverse: an inexpensive blended wine

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47
Q

“Edelzwicker” wines are in practice, what?

A

blends, BUT do NOT need to: indicate any % or grapes on the label, be vintage-dated, OR contain more than one grape

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48
Q

“Gentil” is a superior designation for what?

A

blends, requiring a min 50% noble grapes. Any other Alsace AOP grape may compose the remainder

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49
Q

What are the “Gentil” requirements for base wines?

A

must be vinified separately before blending

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50
Q

What do some producers advocate as the best approach for serious wines?

A

field blends

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51
Q

What are field blends?

A

grapes are typically vinified together and produced under a vineyard name

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52
Q

Who is one of the staunchest advocates of using the field blend as a means of emphasizing Alsatian terroir?

A

Marcel Deiss

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53
Q

The Alsace Grand Cru AOP was first proposed in 1975, but when did the first grand cru vineyards appear?

A

not until 1983

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54
Q

When did the 51 Grand Crus become designated?

A

25 vineyards in 1983, 25 more in 1985 and the 51st, Kaefferkopf, in 2006

55
Q

Grand Cru AOP wines are what, with few exceptions?

A

single varietal wines from the noble Alsatian grapes

56
Q

Which Grand Cru’s may blend according to certain prescribed proportions?

A

Altenberg de Bergheim and Kaefferkopf

57
Q

Which Grand Cru is a historical site for Sylvaner, and as such the grape is permitted in Grand Cru AOP varietal wines?

A

Zotzenberg

58
Q

What is mandatory for all grand cru wines?

A

Hand-harvesting

59
Q

Grand Cru vs. Alsace AOP, how do viticulture techniques differ?

A

Minimum sugar levels at harvest are higher than those for Alsace AOP, and yields are more restricted.

60
Q

What is the minimum alcohol required for noble grapes?

A

11% for Riesling and Muscat, 12.5% for Pinot Gris and Gewurztraminer (although certain vineyards mandate higher amounts)

61
Q

Which is the smallest Alsace Grand Cru?

A

Kanzlerberg (3ha)

62
Q

Which is the largest Alsace Grand Cru?

A

Schlossberg (80ha)

63
Q

What is one thing the Alsace Grand Cru system is missing?

A

An intermediary premier cru level

64
Q

Why do some producers choose not to utilize grand cru labeling?

A

The politics of vineyard selection may have, they feel, outweighed the specificity of site

65
Q

Which Grand Cru could Clos-Ste-Hune mention on their label?

A

the large Rosacker Grand Cru

66
Q

What other house chooses not to promote admissible wines as Alsace Grand Cru AOP?

A

The house of Hugel

67
Q

In 1984, what 2 new designations were made for late-harvest wines?

A

Vendanges Tardives and Sélections de Grains Nobles

68
Q

What do the late-harvest designations imply?

A

sweetness

69
Q

Which labels may the late-harvest designations be printed on?

A

either Alsace AOP or Alsace Grand Cru AOP, provided the wines contain a single, noble variety and pass a blind tasting panel

70
Q

Grapes destined for Sélection de Grains Nobles are generally picked how?

A

in tries, and suppress varietal character in return for the complexities of botrytis.

71
Q

What does Vendanges Tardives emphasize?

A

may show botrytis character but emphasizes varietal purity

72
Q

Quality VT wines usually originate from vines in a state of what?

A

passerillage (grapes that have been dried to concentrate their juice)

73
Q

VT and SGN wines are not obligated by statute to be sweet, but what are they in practice?

A

SGN wines are always dessert-like but VT wines may vary in actual sugar, and can be quite dry.

74
Q

Grapes for SGN and VT must be harvested in what way?

A

hand-harvested at specific, unenriched minimum sugar levels

75
Q

VT requires what unenriched sugar levels?

A

min 235 g/l - Muscat, Riesling

min 257 g/l - Pinot Gris, Gewurztraminer

76
Q

SGN requires what unenriched sugar levels?

A

276 g/l - Muscat, Riesling

306 g/l - Pinot Gris, Gewurztraminer

77
Q

What are amongst the highest minimum must weights in France?

A

SGN requirements for Pinot Gris, Gewurztraminer (306 g/l)

78
Q

What is the only red variety permitted for Alsace AOP wines?

A

Pinot Noir

79
Q

What is the workhorse for Crémant d’Alsace AOP?

A

Pinot Blanc

80
Q

Crémant d’Alsace is the only appellation in the region to allow what grape?

A

Chardonnay

81
Q

Crémant d’Alsace rose must be what?

A

100% Pinot Noir

82
Q

What grapes are permitted in Crémant d’Alsace blanc?

A

Riesling, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Auxerrois, and/or Chardonnay

83
Q

In the région Lorraine, what wines are produced in the Côtes de Toul AOP?

A

light red wines from Pinot Noir, whites from Auxerrois and Aubin, Rosé wines, made in a pale vin gris style, from a high proportion of Gamay and Pinot Noir

84
Q

In the région Lorraine, The small Moselle AOP, upgraded from VDQS in 2011, produces what?

A

Red, white, and rosé wines, principally from Auxerrois and Pinot Noir

85
Q

As the Moselle River flows north from France, it forms the border between what?

A

Luxemburg and Germany

86
Q

As the Moselle River passes Trier, the river carves through the sheer slopes of what?

A

one of Germany’s greatest regions for the Riesling grape: the Mosel Valley

87
Q

What is the authorized blend for Altenberg de Bergheim?

A

50-70% Riesling, 10-25% Pinot Gris, 10-25% Gewurz, max. 10% combined Chasselas, Muscat, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Blanc

88
Q

What is the authorized blend for Kaefferkopf?

A

60-80% Gewurz, 10-40% Riesling, max. 30% Pinot Gris, max. 10% Muscat

89
Q

Altenberg de Bergheim and Kaefferkopf may also produce varietal wines from what?

A

Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris, and Riesling

90
Q

Alsace AOP (and grand Cru) wines must be bottled in the traditional what?

A

“Vin du Rhin”/”Flûte d’Alsace” bottle

91
Q

What is the approved Training System for Alsace Grand Cru AOP?

A

Single or Double Guyot

92
Q

What is the local Alsatian name for Chasselas?

A

Gutedel

93
Q

What winery is located in Turckheim and is a staunch advocate for biodynamic farming and non-interventionist winemaking practices?

A

Zind-Humbrecht

94
Q

What winery is known for its “purist” vision, producing dry wines that are labeled by proprietary names rather than grand cru designation?

A

Trimbach

95
Q

Where are Trimbach and Kientzler located?

A

Ribeauvillé

96
Q

Where is Trimbach’s Clos St Hune vineyard? soil/vine age?

A

Rosacker, vines are 50 years old; soil is limestone

97
Q

What other vineyard holdings does Trimbach have?

A

Grand Cru’s of Osterberg & Geisberg

98
Q

Describe Trimbach Riesling “Cuvée Frédéric Emile”

A

blend of Geisberg and Osterberg Grand Crus, named for Frédéric Emile, who is known for providing a new guarantee of quality and authenticity for Trimbach in 1898

99
Q

Where is Domaine Weinbach and Paul Blanck et Fils located?

A

Kientzheim

100
Q

What is a historical monopole of Domaine Weinbach?

A

Clos des Capucins: named for the Capucin monks who est the property in 1612; planted to Riesling, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir, Sylvaner, Muscat and Gewurztraminer; soil is sandy silt on granite pebbles

101
Q

Domaine Weinbach is ___ since ___

A

Biodynamic, 2005

102
Q

Where is Albert Boxler located?

A

Niedermorschwihr (right above Turckheim)

103
Q

The Boxlers believe in maintaining what distinction?

A

between subplots within each Grand Cru holding, they bottle 2-4 unique, terroir-specific lots of Riesling from each Grand Cru

104
Q

What vineyard holdings does Boxler have?

A

Grand Cru’s of Sommerberg & Brand

105
Q

Where is Domaine Ostertag located?

A

Epfig

106
Q

What is Domaine Ostertag known for?

A

for the unofficial categories they created: Vins de Fruit (wines that express fruity typicity), Vins de Pierre (wines that express their specific terroir) and Vins de Temps (wines that are affected by time and weather/late-harvest and botrytized wines).

107
Q

Where is Marcel Deiss located?

A

Bergheim

108
Q

What does Marcel Deiss advocate?

A

complantation, or the blending of grapes from one site, as opposed to the more common Alsatian practice of single-variety winemaking and labeling

109
Q

Besides Ostertag, who else categorizes their wines as Vins de Fruit, Vins de Terroir or Vins de Temps?

A

Marcel Deiss

110
Q

Where are the biodynamic wineries of Barmes-Buecher and Albert Mann located?

A

Wettolsheim (just south-west of Colmar)

111
Q

Where is Hugel et Fils located?

A

Riquewihr

112
Q

Hugel operates as a négociant business but also produces wines from what vineyard holdings?

A

Grand Cru’s of Sporen & Schoenenbourg

113
Q

What is Hugel’s 3 tier-system?

A
  1. Varietal wines
  2. “Tradition”
  3. “Jubilée” the top-quality tier
114
Q

Wines of particular excellence appear under what label for Hugel?

A

the “Hommage à Jean Hugel” banner.

115
Q

Where is Domaine Josemeyer located?

A

Wintzenheim

116
Q

Domaine Josemeyer makes wine in what 4 categories?

A
  1. the artist series
  2. vins de terroir
  3. selection prestige
  4. Grand Cru wines.
117
Q

What is Josemeyer’s artist series?

A

created in 1987, working with an Alsatian artist, label changes every 2 years, is meant to depict the wine as imagined by the artist.

118
Q

At 135ha, who is one of the largest vineyard owners in Alsace?

A

Domaines Schlumberger

119
Q

Domaines Schlumberger owns the largest portion of what?

A

Grand Cru vineyards and one of the largest blocks of contiguous vineyards in France

120
Q

Domaines Schlumberger releases wines under what 3 categories?

A
  1. “Les Princes Abbés” (AOC range, named after local order of monks, who were the first to sell wines from Guebwiller)
  2. “Les Grands Crus” (Riesling, Pinot Gris, Gewurz only)
  3. “Les Cuvées de Collection,” late-harvest/SGN
121
Q

Lucien Albrecht of Orschwir, was one of the first advocates for creating the laws for what?

A

Crémant d’Alsace AOC in the 1970s, the domaine is appropriately well known for their Crémants

122
Q

Where is Dirler-Cadé located?

A

Bergholtz

123
Q

Lucien Albrecht is one of the oldest Alsace houses, founded when?

A

1425

124
Q

Which estate has no Grand Cru holdings but produces several wines from lieu-dit vineyards, many of which are located in the village of Rorschwihr?

A

Rolly Gassman

125
Q

Who began biodynamic viticulture in 1989, and is now known as a pioneer for biodynamic farming in the Bas-Rhin area of Andlau?

A

Kreydenweiss

126
Q

Which producer ages their wines on its lees for at least a year to add richness?

A

Paul Blanck et Fils

127
Q

Name 2 producers making quality wine in the Bas-Rhin

A

Domaine Bechtold & Kreydenweiss

128
Q

Which producer in Beblenheim believes in late harvesting to obtain optimal ripeness, & refuses to force fermentation along, resulting often in wines with RS

A

Bott-Geyl

129
Q

Describe the domaine of Meyer-Fonné

A

est. 1800s in Katzenthal, now interested in modernization, organic farming, no synthetic fertilizers, herbicides or pesticides.

130
Q

Which domaine is run by both a former lab technician and vineyard expert for the INAO (he helped select lieux-dits for possible inclusion in the AOC system)

A

Domaine Marc Tempé

131
Q

Which winery is run in Eguisheim by former mayors of the village?

A

Léon Beyer

132
Q

Léon Beyer is a producer of ‘vins de gastronomie,” meaning what?

A

consistently producing completely dry wines

133
Q

Which producers labels do not bear Grand Cru designations, despite their holdings in the GCs of Eichberg and Pfersisgberg?

A

Léon Beyer—instead, wines are bottled under 3 categories: “Les Classiques,” “Les Réserves”& “Les Grandes Cuvées.”

134
Q

What winery is located in the heart of Colmar and is known for very strictly limiting yields?

A

Domaine Schoffit

MONTH 1- Champagne, Alsace, Jura/Savoie, NZ, Australia (7 decks)

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