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New tings Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of unstable tachycardia

A

Three shocks then amiodarone

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2
Q

How long do you run burns under water for

A

30 minutes

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3
Q

How many 500ml Boluses can you give in shock

A

4 (2 Litres)

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4
Q

What counts as massive blood loss

A

2L in 3 hours

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5
Q

What do you give to correct raised APTT and PT

A

Fresh frozen plasma

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6
Q

Treatment of a moderate asthma attack

A

GP and pred

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7
Q

Symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Pain, nausea, dilated pupil and hazy cornea

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8
Q

What does miosis mean

A

Small pupil

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9
Q

Is a stye or a chalazion painful

A

Stye

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10
Q

Glare and reduced colour vision treatment

A

Cataracts so phaeocoemulsification

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11
Q

Name of an anti VEGF

A

Afibercept

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12
Q

Central vision loss

A

Retinal detachment

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13
Q

Dark spots

A

Vitreous haemorrhage

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14
Q

Peripheral flashes and floaters

A

Posterior vitreous haemorrhage

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15
Q

Investigation for CRVO and CRAO

A

Fluorescin Angiogram

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16
Q

Which virus causes Ramsay Hunt

A

Herpes Zoster

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17
Q

Sinusitis that has lasted less than 10 days

A

Viral

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18
Q

How long does chronic sinusitis last

A

More than 3 months

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19
Q

Opacification/ ulcer of the cornea

A

Keratitis, emergency

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20
Q

Small and fixed pupil with ciliary flush (red ring of inflammation spreading out from pupil)

A

Anterior uveitis

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21
Q

Treatment of bacterial otitis externa

A

Topical ciprofloxacin

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22
Q

Investigation for acoustic neuroma

A

Gadolinium enhanced MRI

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23
Q

Medication for vertigo

A

Promethazine or prochlorperazine

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24
Q

Prevention of menieres

A

Beta histene and low salt diet

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25
Q

Investigation for disease caused by RNA paramyxovirus

A

Salivary mumps IgM

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26
Q

What causes tonsilitis

A

Adenovirus

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27
Q

Antibiotic for sinusitis

A

Coamoxiclav

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28
Q

Proper name for croup

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

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29
Q

Whats the causative organism of croup

A

Parainfluenza virus

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30
Q

Observations for severe asthma

A

Heart rate over 110

RR over 25

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31
Q

Sweat concentration in CF

A

> 60mmol/L

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32
Q

Indications for LTOT in COPD

A

ABG findings
Polycythaemia
Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary oedema

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33
Q

What causes redcurrant jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella

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34
Q

Consequences of mycoplasma pneumonia

A

Encephalitis, myocarditis, ITP, erythema nodosum

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35
Q

Treatment of sarcoidosis acutely

A

IV methylpred

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36
Q

Signs of sarcoidosis

A

Bihilar lymphadenopathy, fever, arthralgia, hypercalcaemia, loss of weight

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37
Q

Valve defect in pulmonary hypertension

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

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38
Q

Pulmonary hypertension value

A

25mmhg at rest

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39
Q

Treatment of P Aureginosa

A

Ciprofloxacin

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40
Q

Advice after pneumothorax

A

Dont go scuba diving
Dont fly for 1 week
Smoking cessation

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41
Q

Which two investigations can rule out lupus

A

Complement and ANA

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42
Q

Treatment of goodpastures

A

Prednisolone and plasmapharesis

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43
Q

Treatment of wegeners

A

Prednisolone and methotrexate

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44
Q

Diagnostic investigation for mesolthelioma

A

Thoracocentesis and biopsy

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45
Q

Special histological finding for AML

A

Auer rods

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46
Q

Special histological finding for CLL

A

Smudge cells

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47
Q

Treatment of myeloma

A

Thalidomide and dexamethasone

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48
Q

Investigation of myeloma

A

Skeletal survery
Serum electrophoresis
Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy

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49
Q

In hypercalacaemia which two other electrolytes do you look at

A

Magnesium and pottasium

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50
Q

Symptoms of TTP

A

Prodrome, neuro and renal

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51
Q

Treatment of ITP

A

Pred and IVIG

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52
Q

Treatment of TTP

A

Plasma exchange

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53
Q

Febrile neutropenia requirements

A

Temperature over 38 and neutrophil count below 500

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54
Q

Treatment of G6PD

A

Folic acid

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55
Q

PCKD complications

A

SAH
Aneurysms
Renal stones
UTI

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56
Q

Treatment of prostatitis

A

Ciprofloxacin

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57
Q

Treatment of pregnant UTI

A

5 days nitrofurantoin

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58
Q

Causes of nephrotic syndrome

A

Minimal change disease
Membranous nephropathy (teens)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Diabetes

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59
Q

Causes of nephritis syndrome

A

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy
Goodpastures
SLE

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60
Q

Treatment of nephrotic

A

Steroids

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61
Q

Treatment of nephritic

A

ACE

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62
Q

Which testes is more commonly affected in varicocele

A

Left

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63
Q

Which score determines treatment in BPH

A

International prostate symptom score

64
Q

Diagnostic investigation for prostate cancer

A

Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy

65
Q

Treatment of conns

A

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy

66
Q

1st and diagnostic investigation for acromegaly

A

Oral glucose tolerance test

Pituitary MRI

67
Q

What should you exclude in cushings

A

Alcohol, pregnancy and stress

68
Q

Symptoms of CKD

A 
Fatigue
Oedema
Pruritus
N and V
Anorexia
Restless legs
69
Q

Which neuroendocrine cancer causes hypocalcaemia

A

Medullary thyroid cancer causes raised calcitonin

70
Q

Autoantibodies in diabetes

A

Islet cells
Glutamic decarboxylase
Zinc Transporter 8
GADA

71
Q

Requirements for hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state

A

Raised glucose
Raised sodium
volume depletion
No ketosis

72
Q

What is the urinary calcium like in primary hyperparathyroid

73
Q

Treatment of hypokalaemia

A

SandoK then IV K

74
Q

Symptoms of hyperkalaemia

A

Muscle weakness
Cramps
Reduced tone and reflexes
Constipation

75
Q

Drugs which cause hyperkalaemia

A 
NSAIDs
ACE inhibitors
Sprinolactone
CKD
DKA
76
Q

JAK2

A

Polycythaemia rubra vera

77
Q

Investigations for MG

A

Acetylchoilne receptor antibodies
Muscle specific tyrosine kinase antibodies
Serial FVC
CT chest for thymoma

78
Q

Treatment of fungal meningitis

A

Amphtocerin B

79
Q

What should you do after pred in GCA

A

Request opthalmology review

80
Q

Treatment of parkinsons

A

Levodopa and Carbidopa

81
Q

When do you start levodopa and carbidopa

A

When motor symptoms are affecting ADLs

82
Q

Signs of Pericarditis

A

Raised JVP, low BP and muffled heart sounds

83
Q

Time frame for PCI in STEMI

A

120 minutes

84
Q

Investigation for angina

A

CT coronary angiography

85
Q

What is stave two HTN

A

160/100 OR 150/95 at home

86
Q

Permanent AF definition

A

More than 1year, no longer attempting rhythm control

87
Q

Diagnosis of Peripheral vascular disease

A

CT coronary angiogram

88
Q

What can you give when hypotension and shock

A

Adrenaline

89
Q

What signs do both regurgitations have

A

Displaced and forceful apex beat

90
Q

What sign do mitral valve defects get

91
Q

Structural heart disease investigations

A

Transthoracic echo, ECG and chest XR

92
Q

Treatment of RA when pregnant/ flares

A

Prednisolone

93
Q

Causes of erythema multiforme

A

Herpes and mycoplasma pneumonia

94
Q

Investigation for venous ulcer

A

Doppler and ultrasound to exclude arterial disease

95
Q

Treatment of both bowens and acitinic keratosis

A

Fluoracil and crythotherapy

96
Q

Seborrheic keratosis

A

Lots of brown stuck on papules

97
Q

Define delirium

A

Acute and fluctuating disturbance in level of consciousness, attention and cognition

98
Q

Treatment of AD

A

Donepezil or Rivastigmine

99
Q

What does malaria cause

A

Renal impairment
Acidosis
DIC
Seizures

100
Q

Stepwise management of gastroenteritis

A

Loperamide
Rehydration
Azithromycin

101
Q

Treatment to household contacts of people with meningitis

A

500mg ciprofloxacin

102
Q

What can pneumonia lead to

A

PE
Pneumothorax
Emphysema
Lung abscess

103
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis

A

Pink and oily psoarisis

104
Q

First line treatment of eczema

A

Emolient and hydrocortisone

105
Q

Treatment of pityriasis rosacea

A

Supportive

106
Q

Treatment of pityriasis vesicolor

A

Topical terbinafine

107
Q

Investigation for raised ICP

A

LP and pressure measurement

108
Q

Treament of subdural

A

Loading dose IV phenytoin
Stop blood thinners
?Neurosurgery

109
Q

Treatment of SAH

A

Nimodipine

110
Q

Investigation for brain tumour

A

MRI and surgical biopsy

111
Q

TIA treatment

A

300mg Aspirin, then two weeks of aspirin and clopidogrel then clopidogrel and statin for life

112
Q

How long off driving after TIA

113
Q

Investigation for ischaemic colitis

A

First CT scan

Diagnostic is colonoscopy

114
Q

Prehaptic jaundice causes

A

Haemolytic anaemia
Gilberts
Criggler Najar

115
Q

Post hepatic causes of jaundice

A

Conjugated, obstructive, dark urine pale stools

116
Q

Follow up for hepatitis

A

Fibroscan at 6 weeks

117
Q

Volume of ascites

118
Q

Volvolus investigation and treatment

A

Upper GI contrast studies

Ladd procedure

119
Q

Symptoms of haemochromatosis

A

Bronzed skin
Arthralgia
DM

120
Q

1st and diagnostic investigations for wilsons disease

A
  1. Serum caeruloplasmin

Diagnostic. 24hr urinary copper

121
Q

Diarrhoea and prodrome

A

Viral or campylobacter

122
Q

Hiatus hernia investigation

A

Upper GI contrast studies

123
Q

Crohns bowel complications

A

Fistulae, abscesses

124
Q

Pancreatic cancer investigation

A

Ultrasound and CA19-9

125
Q

Steatorrhoea and glasgow score

A

Pancreatitis

126
Q

Investigation for appendicitis

A

CT Abdomen

127
Q

Investigation for diverticulitis

128
Q

Rome 4 criteria

A

1 day, 2 symptoms, 3 months

129
Q

ALARMS symptoms

A 
Anaemia
Loss of weight
Appetite loss
Recent onset
Mass
Swallowing difficulty
130
Q

Motor neuropathies

A

GBS
Porphyria
Charcot marie tooth

131
Q

Why do you give phenytoin in subdural

A

Prophylactic for seizures

132
Q

Treatment of cluster headache

A

100% oxygen and sumatriptan

Verapamil prevention

133
Q

Treatment options for stroke

A

Alteplase in 4.5 hours

Thrombectomy in 6

134
Q

Parietal lobe symptoms

A

Dyscalcia
Agraphia
Cant recognise people

135
Q

Temporal lobe symptoms

A

Deja vu

intense feelings

136
Q

Which artery territory is responsible for leg

A

Anterior cerebral artery

137
Q

Which artery territory is responsible for arm

138
Q

Visual agnosia and hemianopia

A

Posterior cerebral artery

139
Q

Treatment of MG

A

Rivastigmine

140
Q

Treatment of meninigitis

A

IV ceftriaxone and dexamethasone stat

141
Q

What infection can preced HSP

A

URTI with strep pyogenes

142
Q

Triad of nephrotic syndrome

A

Hypoalbuminaemia
Proteinuria
Oedema

143
Q

First line for seizure in kids

A

Buccal midazolam

144
Q

Causes of cerebral palsy

A

Cerebral malformation
Perinatal hypoxi
Post natal stroke or meningitis

145
Q

Signs of kawasakis CRASH and Burn

A 
Conjunctivits
Rash
Adenopathy
Strawberry tongue
Hands and feet desquamation

Burning fever for 5 days

146
Q

Treament of kawasakis

A

Aspirin and IVIG

147
Q

Sign of pataus

A

Polydactyly

148
Q

Which chromosome abnormality is Edwards

A

Trisomy 18

149
Q

Investigation for rheumatic fever

A

Antistreptococcal antibody swab

150
Q

Treatment of croup

A

Nebulised adrenaline, oral dexamethasone, high flow oxygen and IVI

151
Q

Treatment of whooping cough

A

Azithromycin

152
Q

Treatment of bronchiolitis

A

Humidified oxygen, NG feeds, fluids

153
Q

Double bubble on XR

A

Duodenal atresia

154
Q

What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children

155
Q

Investigation for pyloric stenosis

A

USS Abdomen

156
Q

Investigation of hirshprungs

A

Suction rectal biopsy, biopsying to see if nerves there

157
Q

Causes of jaundice beyond 2 weeks

A

Pyloric stenosis

Biliary atresia

FINALS (8 decks)

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