New Physiology Flashcards
Which blood type would agglutinate if donated to a person with type a+ blood?
B-
In relation to normal LV heart muscle, what is the force of contraction directly related to?
The resting length of the muscle fibre at the end of diastole
What is the appropriate pathway of steps for hemostasis?
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation, clot retraction, thrombolysis
What is the effect of raised arterial blood pressure at arterial baroreceptors?
Increase firing of action potentials in afferent nerves
What does an increase in the afferent arteriole result in?
Decrease in renal blood flow, decrease in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and decrease in glomerular filtration rate
With respect to the peripheral circulation, vasodilation in skeletal muscle is produced by ____?
Stimulation of sympathetic cholinergic nerve fibres
Which blood type can safely be given to a patient with blood type B- during transfusion?
O-
What do baroreceptor reflexes produce?
Raised arterial blood pressure (BP) in response to a fall in BP
What are the afferent nerves for the baroreceptor reflexes?
Vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves
What does rhythmic skeletal muscle contraction in the legs, as in walking, do to venous return?
Increases venous return by squeezing veins
What is sickle call anaemia?
A genetic disease
Describe the mechanism involved in micturition
Contraction of bladder smooth muscle, internal sphincter passively pulled open and external sphincter relaxes
Why can the mother be injected with to prevent rhesus disease of a newborn?
Immunoglobulins
With respect to the peripheral circulation, histamine is a _____?
Vasodilator
Which hormone increases the force of contraction in relation to normal left ventricular heart muscle?
Circulation epinephrine (adrenaline)
Why is the osmolarity of the fluid at the bottom of the loop of Henle juxtamedullary nephrons?
1200mOsm
Red blood cells are usually _____ in people suffering from iron deficiency anaemia
Microcytic
What are the efferent nerves for the baroreceptor reflexes?
Vagus and sympathetic nerves to the heart and sympathetic nerves to blood vessels
Where are arterial baroreceptors located?
Carotid sinus and aortic arch
With respect to the peripheral circulation, adrenaline acting through a receptors will cause ____?
Vasoconstriction
The filtration fraction averages ___% of the plasma that enters the glomerulus
20
Why is it reabsorbed at the PCT?
Penicillin
What is the % of oxygen saturation of haemoglobin at a pO2 of 40mmHg?
75
With respect to the peripheral circulation and pH within the interstitial fluid, more acid pH will cause ____?
Vasodilation
