New Nation

Question 1

Which president set the precedent for how other president’s should act?

Answer 1

Washington. Only 2 terms, have a cabinet, and only veto bills if unconstitutional

Question 2

What was Washington’s standing on military?

Answer 2

He didn’t want to use the military in international conflicts because he didn’t want to lose the new country. He did believe in using it for domestic purposes though

Question 3

What was the Whiskey Rebellion?

Answer 3

In Western Pennsylvania, businesses changed corn into whiskey and made good money off of it. When the Federal government put a tax on the whiskey, the people rebelled and Washington used the army to quell the rebellion. This showed that the federal government was strong enough to handle domestic problems

Question 4

What was the Battle of Falling Timbers?

Answer 4

People are moving west and running into the native Americans who are fighting off the Americans, so Washington uses the army to beat the indians

Question 5

What is the XYZ affair under John Addams?

Answer 5

The US wants to buy land from the French, and so we sent our secretary of state to negotiate with the French. Napoleon, however, said he would not meet with our secretary of state unless we gave the French money. Americans are outraged the Napoleon would do this, which shows that nationalism is growing in the US. We also start building a navy, and we build new and more effective ships

Question 6

What did the Alien and Sedition Acts under John Adams do?

Answer 6

This act extended how long immigrants had to wait for citizenship. These acts were passed because immigrants usually were Democrat/Republican and Adams was a Federalist

Question 7

What did the Sedition Act specifically say?

Answer 7

That those who criticized the government could be punished. This was unconstitutional, but as yet the Supreme Court didn’t have the power to deem things unconstitutional or not

Question 8

What was the Virginia and Kentucky resolution?

Answer 8

These states said that the Sedition Act was unconstitutional and that they would not enforce it

Question 9

What is the Doctrine of Nullification?

Answer 9

This is where states refuse to follow a law that the central government passes. Virginia and Kentucky used this in the Virginia and Kentucky resolution

Question 10

What were the important states that ratified the constitution?

Answer 10

Delaware, because it was the first state to ratify it; New Hampshire, because it being the ninth state to ratify it it made the constitution ratified; Rhode Island, because it was the last state to ratify it

Question 11

Who were the first four Supreme Court justices and why were there four of them in only 10 years?

Answer 11

The first was John Jay, the John Rutlidge, then Oliver Ellisworth, and lastly John Marshall. There were so many because up until John Marshall, the SC justices didn’t have any power

Question 12

Who was John Marshall?

Answer 12

He was a supporter of Alexander Hamilton and a Federalist. He was the Supreme Court Justice under Thomas Jefferson, who was a Democratic/Republican

Question 13

What is the significance of Marbury vs. Madison?

Answer 13

Based on the outcome of this case, the precedent is set that the Supreme Court can decide if a law is constitutional or not. This is called Judicial Review

Question 14

What is significant of McCulloch vs. Maryland?

Answer 14

A state case goes to the Supreme Court, and Marshall rules that the law is unconstitutional. This case sets the precedent that the Supreme Court can determine whether state laws are constitutional or not. This leads to the Federal government having more power.

Question 15

Where is the Old Northwest?

Answer 15

The Ohio Valley

Question 16

What four countries claim the Oregon territory as their own after the Louisiana Purchase?

Answer 16

Russia, Great Britain, Spain, and the United States

Question 17

Who maps out the west coast?

Answer 17

Vancouver, whose first mate is Cook

Question 18

Who is Astoria?

Answer 18

He made the American Fur Company

Question 19

Who is Whitman?

Answer 19

He was a missionary who converted the Nez-Perce indians to Christianity

Question 20

What is the Hudson River School of Art?

Answer 20

This was the first American school of art, and mainly consisted of landscapes. This was important as we were developing our own culture

Question 21

Describe Washington’s cabinet

Answer 21

There were only four members: Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson; Secretary of Treasury, Alexander Hamilton; Secretary of War, Knox; Secretary of Justice, Randolf (Sec. of Justice now called Attorney General). Washington knowingly put Hamilton and Jefferson together because they were polar opposites, so he would get both sides of the political parties and therefore make a better decision regarding the country.

Question 22

What cities have been the national capital of the United States?

Answer 22

The first was New York City, and then it moved to Philadelphia, and then to Washington DC

Question 23

What were Alexander Hamilton’s political beliefs?

Answer 23

• strong central government
• a national bank (Federal Reserves)
• industrial nation in the future
• be allies with the British because they’re an industrial country
• have a loose interpretation of the Constitution
• wealthy run the government
• Federalists

Question 24

What were Thomas Jefferson’s political beliefs?

Answer 24

• strong state government
• state banks
• farming nation
• allies with the French because they’re a farming country
• strict interpretation of the Constitution
• have poor people run the government
• Democratic/Republicans

Question 25

What did Washington warn about in his Presidential farewell speech?

Answer 25

To not have alliances with other countries

Question 26

How did Alexander Hamilton get the country out of debt?

Answer 26

The southern states had already gotten their debt payed off because they were richer than the Middle and Northern states. Hamilton used the taxes from all of the states to pay off the debt. To get the Southern states to agree to this, he promised them the capital would be moved south, which is why it is in Washington DC today (Maryland and Virginia)

Question 27

What did the Pickney Treaty do?

Answer 27

We negotiated with the Spanish so they’d allow us to use the Mississippi River that ran down through New Orleans; set the northern border of Florida at the 31st parallel; US and Spain would restrain their natives from attacking the others; Spain got to control New Orleans

Question 28

What did Citizen Genet do?

Answer 28

He came over from France to try and get people to help them fight the British. Washington stops this

Question 29

What happens concerning the Louisiana Territory at the end of Washington’s presidency?

Answer 29

Napoleon conquers Spain and gets the Louisiana Territory

Question 30

When was the Navy and Marine Corps established?

Answer 30

Under John Adam’s presidency

Question 31

When was the Library of Congress established?

Answer 31

Under John Adam’s presidency

Question 32

What is impressment?

Answer 32

This is when the British took American sailors and forced them into the British navy. This happened under John Adams.

Question 33

What is Gerry Mandering?

Answer 33

This is changing political boundaries to gain a political edge. This happens under John Adams

Question 34

When was the Whiskey Tax and the Alien and Sedition Acts done away with?

Answer 34

During Jefferson’s presidency

Question 35

When did the Louisiana Purchase happen?

Answer 35

This happened under Jefferson’s presidency. Jefferson sent someone to buy New Orleans for 10 million $, and Napoleon said that we could buy the entire Louisiana territory for $15 million. Napoleon really needed the money to fight the British

Question 36

What was the Tripoli War under Jefferson?

Answer 36

Pirates pick on countries that don’t have big navy’s, and countries would have to pay over $2 million/year to get them not to take their ships. Jefferson finally stops paying the pirates because our navy grew, and we defeat them when they attack us

Question 37

What did the Embargo Act of 1807 say?

Answer 37

That the US would not trade with any foreign countries. This happened because the British and the French were taking American ships during the Napoleonic Wars. It also hurt the US economy

Question 38

What was the Non Intercourse Act of 1809?

Answer 38

The Embargo Act hurt the US economy, so this just said the US would no longer trade with Britain and France

Question 39

What was the Battle of Tippecanoe?

Answer 39

Tecumseh wants to defeat the US, so he tries to unite all of the Indian tribes to fight them. While Tecumseh is in the south trying to unite the southern tribes, the US attacks the northern tribes headquarters at Tippecanoe. Tecumseh then heads to the British in Canada and fights with them in the war of 1812. This happens under Jefferson

Question 40

What is Compact Theory?

Answer 40

This evolves out of the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, and says the a state can decide if the Federal government oversteps their Constitutional authority

Question 41

What were the number 1 and 2 causes for the War of 1812 under James Madison?

Answer 41

The number 1 cause was impressment, the 2nd being that the US wanted possession of Canada. The US thought they could beat them because most Canadian soldiers were fighting the French in Europe. The North pressures the rest of US to do this. The French then stop taking our ships, and now its only the Brits stealing them, so we go to war

Question 42

What was the bill that said the French would stop stealing our ships?

Answer 42

Macon Bill #2

Question 43

Describe the War of 1812

Answer 43

We invade Canada with militias, and their small force destroy us. By the time we gather up an equal force Britain has defeated the French, and they then send their troops US and then burn down Washington DC. They try to take Baltimore, which is guarded by Fort McHenry. The British then head to New Orleans so they could cut off US food supply

Question 44

What happened when the British tried to take New Orleans?

Answer 44

Andrew Jackson defended the city with a motley crew of soldiers. The British had to walk 2 miles in a swamp while Americans shot at them. The Brits lost 5,000 men in 1.5 hours while we only lost 13. The battle was actually meaningless in that the Treaty of Gent was signed 2 weeks before, but no one had known the war was over. Nationalism spread, however, because of this battle

Question 45

What did the Treaty of Gent do?

Answer 45

It made it so everything was back to how it was before the War of 1812

Question 46

What was the significance of the Erie canal?

Answer 46

It was a way to transport goods, and soon made NYC the biggest city in US

Question 47

Who defeated the British fleet on Lake Erie?

Answer 47

Oliver Perry ; “We have met the enemy, and they are ours.” This was the turning point in the War of 1812

Question 48

What was James Monroe’s presidency nicknamed?

Answer 48

The Era of Good Feelings. The driving force of this was nationalism. He won the 1816 election unopposed, and the 1820 election he had an opponent but no one voted for the opponent. There was only one political party, and no economic problems

Question 49

What did the Tariff of 1816 do?

Answer 49

This was a tax on any imports, and was the first protective tariff in that the British kept trying to drive US businesses out of business. South, West, and manufacturers liked it while North didn’t.

Question 50

What happened in 1815 concerning Mexico?

Answer 50

The Mexicans kicked Spain out of Mexico

Question 51

What was the Panic of 1819?

Answer 51

This was the first major economic crisis that marked the end of the Era of Good Feelings. It came as a result of land speculation. It caused state banks to close. Unemployment rose. People were imprisoned if in debt. The West was hit the hardest

Question 52

What was the result of Martin vs. Hunter

Answer 52

This allows the Federal Supreme Court to review state Supreme Court decisions

Question 53

What was the American Plan?

Answer 53

This was a plan invented by Henry Clay. It said that the government would pay for infrastructure in the country so the people would be more self sufficient. The West favored it, and the South as well to a degree. The North didn’t like it because it drew people away from New England.
1789-1820, turnpikes
1820-1850, canals
1850, railroads

Question 54

Who was Samuel Slater?

Answer 54

He was the father of the American Industrial Revolution. He memorized how the textile machinery worked and brought it over to the US

Question 55

What was the principal role of women during this time?

Answer 55

To be a Republican mother, which meant to raise kids to be patriotic and to be proud of their country. They were also a big part of the temperance movement. They saw how it affected kids and they wanted to stop it. This was the first major political thing women got involved in.

Question 56

What happened in 1820 concerning slaves?

Answer 56

Half of the states banned slavery while the other half kept it

Question 57

How did Missouri become a slave state?

Answer 57

If Missouri came in as a slave state, then Maine would come in as a free state. After this nothing above the Missouri line (32nd parallel) could be slave states. Missouri also couldn’t deny the constitutional rights of free blacks

Question 58

What is manumission?

Answer 58

This is letting your slaves go free when you die

Question 59

How was slavery justified?

Answer 59

The Southern economy would collapse; there are slaves in the bible; they’ve been around for a long time; blacks were inferior to whites and whites had to take care of them