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AP US History > Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

Industrial Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

How did the US become the #1 industrial country and out produce all other countries?

A
  • technology and inventions
  • mass production (assembly line)
  • natural resources
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2
Q

Where is the center of the steel industry?

A

Pittsburgh

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3
Q

What new business model came from this?

A

The Corporation. It uses investors and stocks to get money to start a company, and use vertical and horizontal integration

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4
Q

What is Vertical Integration?

A

This is when a company owns everything needed to produce and sell products, which helps them save money

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5
Q

What is Horizontal Integration?

A

This is when a company gets competing businesses to join theirs when they go out of business

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6
Q

What does the Industrial Revolution result in?

A
  • better living standard
  • more leisure time (public swimming pools, bands, opera, sewer systems, pro sports, etc)
  • labor and management problems (unions)
  • improved transportation
  • natural resources used more efficiently
  • individuals become more self sufficient
  • mail ordering
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7
Q

What creates factories down south?

A

The invention of the air conditioner.

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8
Q

Where did most immigrants come from at this time?

A

From southern and eastern Europe

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9
Q

Who comes up with Five and Dime stores (Dollar stores)?

A

Woolworth

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10
Q

Why are Unions formed?

A

Because owners were taking advantage of their employees

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11
Q

Describe the Knights of Labor

A
  • leader was Terrence Powderly
  • membership was skilled and unskilled workers, and included women, blacks, and immigrants
  • goal was to have a new cooperative society (sounds like communism)
  • noted strike is the Hay Market
  • problems are that ‘new cooperative society’ is unrealistic and there were skilled and unskilled worker disagreements
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12
Q

Describe the American Federation of Labor (AFL)

A
  • leader was Samuel Gompers
  • membership was 2.5 million; only skilled workers
  • goal was to get higher wages and less hours
  • noted strikes are the Homestead and Pullman Strikes
  • organized Unions by skill , which gave them more power to strikes
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13
Q

Describe the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

A
  • leaders were Bill Haywood and Mother Jones
  • membership was skilled and unskilled workers, though primarily unskilled and miners
  • goals were class violence, the rich vs. poor, and socialism
  • noted strike was the Coal Strike (1906)
  • known as the Wobblies
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14
Q

What did companies do to fight unions?

A
  • yellow dog contracts, which if you signed them you’d agree to not joining unions or going on strike
  • workers were black listed if they belonged to a union
  • lock workers out of factories
  • injunctions (legal order to stop or start doing something)
  • Pinkertons, private detectives or security guards that would stop strikes
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15
Q

What was the most violent union?

A

The Molly Maguires. Irish, Catholic, miners from Pennsylvania

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16
Q

What was Holden vs. Hardy?

A

Miners in Utah wanted 8 hour days and won the case

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17
Q

What was Lochner vs. New York?

A

Bakers in New York wanted only ten hour days, but the Supreme Court said it was unconstitutional to limit the number of hours worked because of the pursuit of happiness

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18
Q

Why was Garfield assassinated?

A

He promised a guy a job in the government if he got elected president because of the Spoil System, and then didn’t give the guy the job and got shot

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19
Q

Who were all railroad entrepreneurs?

A
  • Vanderbilt
  • Stanford
  • Harriman
  • Hill
  • Huntington
  • Gold
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20
Q

Who was a steel entrepreneur?

A

Carnegie

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21
Q

Who was a tobacco entrepreneur?

A

Duke

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22
Q

Who was a meat packing entrepreneur?

A

Armour

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23
Q

Who was a flour milling entrepreneur?

A

Pillsbury

24
Q

Who was an aluminum entrepreneur?

A

Melon

25
Q

Who was a banking entrepreneur?

A

JP Morgan

26
Q

Who were the oil entrepreneurs?

A
  • Rockefeller (at one point controlled 89% of oil)
  • Drake (founded oil in Pennsylvania)
  • Sholes (father of American petroleum)
27
Q

What did Alexander Graham Bell invent?

A

The telephone

28
Q

What did Bessemer invent?

A

The blass furnace, which turns iron into steel

29
Q

What did Thomas Edison invent?

A

DC Electricity

30
Q

What did Howe invent?

A

Sewing machine

31
Q

What did McCormick invent?

A

The reaper, electric milking machine, the tractor, and the cream separator

32
Q

What was the government’s position on big business?

A

They pretended to have this laissez-faire attitude towards it, but in reality they completely supported it. Big business made US the most powerful nation in the world, and the governments job was to take care of the nation, not the individual people. They would try to control it sometimes because of the public outcry through the Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act

33
Q

What does the Sherman Antitrust Act do?

A

It says that one can’t restrict trade. It originally has little impact. It also stopped the Pullman Strike

34
Q

Who ran the corrupt local government of New York City?

A

Boss Tweed

35
Q

Who ran the corrupt local government of Boston?

A

James Curly

36
Q

What does Social Darwinism say?

A

Only the strong will survive. Summers and Spencer preach about this

37
Q

What is the Gospel of the Wealthy?

A

This is Social Darwinism with a religious twist. Conwell gives the famous sermon, “Acres of Diamonds”

38
Q

What is the new social gospel?

A

People needed to help the less fortunate. This was led by women, particularly Jane Addams and Ellen Starr, who did work in Chicago. They also invented “Project Housing”, which made apartments shaped like dumbbells

39
Q

What kind of stories did Alger write?

A

Rags to riches

40
Q

What did Riis write?

A

“How the Other Half Lives”. About poverty in the cities

41
Q

What did Sinclair write?

A

“The Jungle,” which talks about the meat packing industry

42
Q

What did Norris write?

A

“The Octopus”, which compares corporations to an octopus

43
Q

What did Tarbell do?

A

She attacked oil, especially Rockefeller and Standard oil

44
Q

What did Baker write?

A

“Our New Prosperity”

45
Q

Who was America’s first historical journalist?

A

Henry Adams, the grandson of President Adams. He attacked political corruption

46
Q

What magazine did all of these writers write for?

A

Harper and McClure. They were considered Mud Rakers by TR

47
Q

Who were some famous architects?

A
  • Louis Sullivan
  • Burhan
  • William Jenney
  • Frank Lloyd Wright
48
Q

What did Frank Lloyd Wright come up with in architecture?

A
  • open concept house
  • environmental blending
  • interior designing
49
Q

Who were Mugwumps?

A

People who wanted to change the Spoil System

50
Q

Who were Stalwarts?

A

People who wanted to keep the Spoil System

51
Q

Who were Half Breeds?

A

Wanted a change, but not necessarily to the Civil Service System

52
Q

What was the Silver Standard?

A
  • more silver than gold, print more money
  • prices go down, loan rates go down
  • populists favor this
53
Q

What was the Gold Standard?

A
  • prices and loans go up

- Republicans favor this

54
Q

Who was the one Democratic president from 1865-1900?

A

Cleveland

55
Q

What does Plessy vs. Ferguson do?

A

This allows segregation. ‘Separate but equal.’ Leads to blacks being second class citizens

AP US History (11 decks)

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