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Exercise Physiology > New Material > Flashcards

New Material Flashcards

0
Q

Describe the T3 hormone. 4 things

A

1) It is permissive of epinephrine.
2) It causes lipolysis.
3) It increases B3 (beta 3) receptors in adipose tissue.
4) It increases infinity of B3 receptors for epinephrine.

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1
Q 
Which are fast acting and which are slow acting?
Cortisol
Epinephrine/ norepinephrine 
GH (growth hormone)
Insulin and Gulcagon
A

Fast: e/ne and insul. and glu.
Slow: cort. and GH

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2
Q

Cortisol is fast acting. True or False?

A

False

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3
Q

Plasma levels go down during exercise. True or False?

A

True

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4
Q

Plasma levels decrease more in trained individuals. True or False?

A

False. Because plasma levels are already lower.

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5
Q

Cells become use to insulin and glucagon from training. True or False?

A

True

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6
Q

High intensity exercise results in greater and more rapid glycogen. True or False?

A

True

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7
Q

High intensity exercise results in greater increases in plasma epinephrine. True or False?

A

True

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8
Q

What are the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A

Decrease in insulin
Increase in glycogen secretion
Blocks entry into cells

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9
Q

What are the effects of insulin and glucagon?

A

Glucagonesis
Decrease in pH
Inhibits triglyceride breakdown
Blocks entry of glucose into cells

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10
Q

What’s a molecule that can donate a H+ ion? And name an example of one.

A

Acid

Lactic Acid L+A+

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11
Q

What’s a molecule that can accept a H+ ion? And name an example of one.

A

Base

Bicarbonate HCO3-

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12
Q

They result in a change of pH.

A

Buffers

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13
Q

——– ions are produced during exercise. As well as — and —— acid. Causing a breakdown in ATP.

A

Hydrogen
CO2
Lactic acid

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14
Q

Taking in bicarbonate can improve performance. True or False?

A

True

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15
Q

What expresses the relationship among the pH of a ?, the PKA, and the relative concentration of a weak acid and it’s conjugate?

A

The Henderson Hasselbalch Equation

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16
Q

What’s the human survival range of pH of arterial blood?

A

7.0-7.8

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17
Q

What is the pH of blood during exercise?

A

7.4

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18
Q

Humans are homeotherms. True or False?

A

True

This means warm blooded and we maintain a relatively constant temp.

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19
Q

How do we produce heat? 4 things.

A 
Food (breakdown of)
Exercise
Shivering
Thyroid hormone
Catecholamines
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20
Q

How do we lose heat? 4 things.

A

Evaporative heat loss- sweat (exercise) and respiratory (breathing)
Radiation- infrared rays
Conduction- muscle getting warmer, warms skin
Convection- air or water moving around body to cool down body

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21
Q

What does evaporation depend on? 4 things.

A

Temperature
Relative humidity
Convection
SA of skin exposed to environment

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22
Q

Determines how effective evaporative cooling is.

A

Vapor pressure in air vs. skin

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23
Q

Greater difficulty equals more evaporation. True or False?

A

True

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24
Q

What is the normal vapor pressure on skin?

A

33.7 mmHg

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25
Q

What is the vapor pressure in the air?

A

31.9 mmHg

26
Q

Anterior vs. Posterior

A

A- increasing body temp

P- decreasing body temp

27
Q

The hypothalamus can… 5 things.

A 
Cause shivering
Stimulate sweat gland
Cutaneous vasoconstriction 
Catecholomine release
Thyroid hormone release
28
Q

What are the 3 temperature receptors?

A

Skin
Hypothalamus
Spinal Chord

29
Q

Metabolic heat production increases and responds in an increase to ambient temperature. True or False?

A

False

30
Q

What’s a major way heat is lost in exercise?

A

Evaporation

31
Q

This is how hot it feels when relative humidity is added to actual air temp.

A

Heat index

32
Q

An increase in intensity equals a result in heat production. True or False?

A

True

33
Q

What happens when you exercise in a hot environment? 6 things.

A 
Increase in temp
Increase in fluid loss
Increased risk of hyperthermia
Increase in lactate
Increase free radical production 
Increase skin flow
34
Q

How much change is required for heat in acclimation?

A

1 degree Celsius

35
Q

What are the results of heat acclimation? 6 things.

A

Increase in core temp by one degree Celsius
Increase in plasma volume
Increased sweat rate
Earlier onset of sweating
Decrease on NaCl in sweat (less salt in sweat)
Decrease in skin blood flow

36
Q

Acclimation can decline within how many days?

A

3

37
Q

It pays to be fat in the cold. True or False?

A

True

38
Q

Can you get hypothermia in a cold environment?

A

No, only when you stop exercising. But typically this is a non issue.

39
Q

What occurs during cold acclimation? 4 things.

A

1) Reduction in skin temp and core temp at which shivering begins (release in NE)
2) Maintain a higher hand and foot temp bc vasoconstriction response blunted
3) Ability to sleep in cold temps
4) Effects occurs within one week

40
Q

All organs in the body are the same temperature. True or False?

A

False

41
Q

They are a good buffer…

A

Intracellular proteins

42
Q

What are major buffers of blood?

A

Bicarbonate

43
Q

What is the most important nutrient that we can take into our bodies?

A

Water

44
Q

What happens to red blood cells in a hypertonic solution?

A

They swell

45
Q

What happens to red blood cells in a hypotonic solution?

A

Nothing. They stay the same size.

46
Q

What are the functions of water? There are 6.

A

1) protoplasm
2) protects organs
3) osmotic pressure
4) main component of blood
5) functioning of senses
6) temperature regulation

47
Q

What are the 3 different ways that water enters the body?

A

Drink
Food
Metabolic water production

48
Q

What’s the adequate intake of water for women? For men?

A

Women = 2.7 L

Males =3.7 L

49
Q

Why might you need more water?

A

Body weight
Environmental temp.
Activity level

50
Q

What percent of weight loss is due to dehydration?

A

3% or more

51
Q

An increase in plasma osmolality causes thirst. True or False?

A

True

52
Q

What’s the normal temperature for a human?

A

37 degrees Celsius

53
Q

Osmorecepters are found in the ———— from the —————-.

A

Hypothalamus

Antipituitary

54
Q

What happens in the hypothalamus?

A

An increase in thirst

An increase in osmolality of blood

55
Q

What are 3 ways to tell you’re dehydrated?

A

1) thirsty
2) urine
3) body weight loss

56
Q

What’s the best way to treat hypohydration?

A

Rehydration

57
Q

In wrestlers does hydrating decreases muscular strength. True or False?

A

False.

Cognitive functions decrease with hydration while muscle strength, power, and muscular endurance remain the same.

58
Q

Increased volume of fluid in the stomach inhibits gastric emptying. True or False?

A

True

59
Q 
What inhibits gastric emptying?
A vol. of fluid --------
A solute/ caloric density -------
A temperature of -- degrees Celsius or -- degrees Fahrenheit
An exercise intensity ----------
Mode of --------
A Hydration status of ------
A

A vol. of fluid

60
Q

In intestinal absorption there is no increase or decrease in H2O reabsorption. True or False?

A

True

61
Q

Hyponatremia results in an increase in the concentration of —– and a decrease in the concentration of ——.

A

Water

Sodium

62
Q

What are the 2 reasons H2O reabsorption occurs?

A

1) gastric emptying

2) intestinal absorption

63
Q

What are the two most important effects (2 we should know) of hyponatremia?

A

1) Low Na concentration

2) Exercise associated hyponatremia (EAH)

Exercise Physiology (4 decks)

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